Korean Government-designated textbook of history for elementary schools

한국의 초등학교역사교과서 - 국정초등학교사회과교과서

Source : The plain Korean history (The series of world textbooks)　(Akashi Shoten)


The plain Korean history (1997 Version) (The series of world textbooks, Akashi Shoten) Translation supervised by Nobuo Ishiwata Translated by Hisako Mitsuhashi, Hiroo Mitsuhashi & Eonsuk Yi	Social studies textbook for sixth grader 2009 Version

Korean textbook of history for junior high schools
Korean textbook of history for junior high schools Ⅱ
Reading the Korean history textbook　(Juraian, Japanese)
KOREAN NEWS　１２３４５６７
What kind of country is Korea?
Korean Fakes

　Lack of common sense is common in Korea. For example,

Korean leading newspaper said “the atomic bombs on Japan were ’divine punishment’” and “it is necessary to drop more A-bombs on Japan”. The newspaper was praised. Did Abe forget the revenge of the log people? (the editorial of “Joongang Daily” May 20, 2013 Kim Jin the editorialist)
When the big earthquake and tsunami occurred in Japan in 2011, a Korean newspaper said that is the Damnation to Japan. The newspaper was praised.
In 2013 an old man was knocked and killed by a young man, because the old man said that Colonial days of Japan were good. Then old man was killed and the criminal is praised.
In 2011, a Chinese man is suspected to have set fire to one of the gates of the shrine, although a court in South Korea - where he served time in jail for a 2012 attack on the Japanese embassy in Seoul - refused to extradite him to Japan and Korean government sent him back to China.
On December 10, 2015, a Korean criminal caused an explosion case in Yasukuni shrine restroom because he wanted to be hero.
The terrorist who respected the Japanese Emperor and killed the Japanese prime minister is a hero in Korea.

　Why are such unbelievable things justified and performed in Korea?
　Because Korean government carried out the anti-Japan education to the generation who did not know the rule of Japan thoroughly. The old Koreans who experienced rule of Japan do not feel rule of Japan so bad. But it must be bad days for the Korean.
　If you watch Korean education, e.g. the Korean textbooks of elementary, junior high and high school, you really understand the reason well.

The textbook brainwashes the crooked “chosen people” education that says “Our race is the greatest” or extreme patriotic education and nationalism. Actually, the word “우리민족 (Uri Minjok, Our race)” appears more than 70 times with this textbook of elementary school. It tells all Japan did in their colony times is evil. It tells that it is right to injure Japanese things and persons.
For Korean, it is not a problem whether a historic event is true or not. It is important whether a historic event can satisfy the pride as the Korean.
Therefore, they write the terrorists who harmed persons related to the politics of the colony times of Japan were heroes.
　In 1908 Jang In-hwan and Jeon Myeong-un assassinated Durham White Stevens who was an American diplomat, because Stevens worked for the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Of course they are heroes in the textbooks, too.
They do not write even a single word about the positive aspects by the colonization such as Korean feudalism having been destroyed by Japan and the modern school and various systems having been introduced. The textbook writes the modern postal services were introduced, and it placed the photograph of the mailbox, but it does not write that the mailbox was made by Japan.
　The Korean modernization by Japan went into full swing after the second Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905.
　This textbook insists obstinately as if there were no Koreans who received a benefit of the modernization and it teaches the pupils that they must not evaluate the Japanese acts affirmatively and thank them besides.
In Taiwan, Japan gave education, spread railroads, built roads and dams that were said to be the greatest in the East. Taiwan still thanks for the infrastructure maintenance by Japan, but Korea does not thank for Japan at all.
　Though Japan did the same thing for Korea as for Taiwan, why does the Korean criticize Japan without thanking? It is because of Korean pride. Koreans have been thinking that China is in the center of the world, and Korea is in the second, and Japan is in “the lower position”. They cannot permit that lower Japan than Korea annexed Korea, aside from being ruled by China. Therefore, all that Japan did for Korea are denied.

　It is impossible that Koreans who receive such an education can not have anti-Japan emotion. It cannot make the pupils acquire a scientific thought, even if it can let them learn nationalism. If Korea wants to get the Nobel Prize of their earnest wish, it needs the textbooks based on the scientific evidences, not on emotions. With this sort of textbook, they only keep away the Nobel Prize more and more.

　Werner Sasse, the German former professor of Korean studies says, “ The Korean excessive ultranationalism is a problem. Koreans often say that Korea has 5,000 years' history. It sounds like attractive words, but it must be proved scientifically. If you boast about such a thing excessively, you may be laughed at by the foreigners. You had better introduce the Korean history for a foreigner systematically, based on the facts without exaggerating it.” （The Chosun Ilbo, “The Korean excessive ultranationalism is a problem”）
　It is considered that the Chinese first ancient nation, “Xia dynasty” was established in about B.C.1900. According to the Korean history, Dangun’s nation was established 400 years before the Chinese nation.
Korean Government-designated textbooks for junior high schools write “Dangun unified tribes and founded Gojoseon (old Korea) in B.C.2333”. But it comes out for the first time in the book “Samguk Yusa” written in the 13th-century.

　The following documents are parts of the textbook of the social studies of the Korean sixth grader. You will really understand a part of the anti-Japan education well, if you read that.

Result of the anti-Japan education - the Korean children’s pictures and the Japanese children’s pictures

This type of frame shows the description of the textbook.

Ministry of Education (South Korea)
Edited by Board of Korean education development
March 1, 1997 : first edition published
Korean Government-designated textbook of history for elementary schools

Contents

１　Our race and national development
(1) Our country that has a long history
1 Dangun Wanggeom
2 Gwanggaeto the Great & Munmu of Silla
3 Wang Geon
4 Yi Seonggye
(2) Ancestors who saved our country
1 Eulji Mundeok
2 Gang Gam-chan
3 Yi Sun-sin
(3) Ancestors who brightened our history
1 Sejong the Great & Jang Yeong-sil
2 Heo Jun & Bak Jiwon
3 Choe Museon & Yi I
(4) Overseas advance of our race
1 Wani & Damjing
2 Sillabang & Byeogrando
3 Joseon missions to Japan

２　Efforts for the modernization
(1) Encounter of the foreign culture
1 Weltevree & Hamel
2 Strange ship
3 Friendship & Commerce
(2) Movement for the new society
1 Civilization Movement
2 Two Crusades
3 Tongnip Sinmun & Independence Club
4 Modern education
(3) Development of the modern culture
1 Change of the food, clothing and shelter
2 Religious life & Literature
3 Telephone & Railroad train
4 Smallpox vaccination method & Gwanghyewon

３　Efforts for national power recovery
(1) Efforts for restoration
1 Righteous army movement
2 Suffering of our race
3 March 1st Movement
(2) Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea & Wars of Independence
1 Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
2 Korean Patriotic Organization & Korean Restoration Army
3 Signal victory in Qingshanli
(3) Improvement of ability of our race & Culture protection movement
1 Movement of racial independence in school
2 Buy Korean Movement
3 Spread of Hangul Alphabet by Korean Language Society
4 People who saved our history and culture

１　Our race and national development
　Tong-wook has become a sixth grader and is happy and excited, because he can study the history of our country.
Tong-wook read a lot of life of a great man until now and read the historical novels of our country a lot which recently appeared newly. His grandfather tells the interesting talks about the history of our country every time there is an opportunity, and Tong-wook is helped very much.
There are something Tong-wook may know more than his grandfather, but the story of Tong-wook is not interesting as that of grandfather. Grandfather said in this way.

　“Tong-wook! If you know well what kind of race we are, you can speak it more interestingly.”
　“What does it mean to know what kind of races we are, grandfather?”
　“Yes, I think our race is a great race. Just think!
Our race that was scattered and lived in Korea Peninsula and the Chinese northeast district for a long time established the first nation called Gojoseon (Old joseon).
Thereafter, our race made up one nation state called united Silla again, after the Age of Three Powers of Goguryeo, Paekje and Silla. This country was divided into three again, but we did make up a strong united nation called Korai soon, didn’t we?”
　“When we were invaded by other countries, we beated them back and saved our country powerfully. It is our pride, grandfather!”
　“Yes. Still we created a sensation of culture that Korea boasted to the world, and taught it to other countries.”
　“Grandfather! I want to know the history in detail.”
………

“Our race is a great race”depends on Korean crooked “chosen people” education
In other words they are taught in this way,
“We are the single race that is rare in the world and are the race that is the most excellent in the world”. “We do not have the history that we were assailants, but have the history that we were always victims”. “People in the world long for Korea”. “Our sense of values is always right”. “The Japanese is a culturally retarded race, and we always prevail over Japanese morally”.
The supplementary textbook of morality for the fourth grader of the elementary school writes at the 89th page, “Korean race has a tough power. Neighboring countries including each Chinese dynasty and Japan tried the aggressions persistently, but they all failed after all. (omission) For example, if Japanese or other races except the Korean race had lived in the Korean Peninsula, they would have died out.” It writes clearly, “If Japanese had lived in the Korean Peninsula, they would have died out.” （The supplementary textbook of Korea is same as Government-designated textbook, because it is Government-designated unlike Japan.）
It writes a mythological country called Gojoseon existed.
“Korea taught culture that Korea boasted to the world to other countries.” - “Other countries” means Japan especially. In Korea, the usage of “taught” is the expression that a superior person uses for a subordinate, such as a parent for its child or a teacher for its pupil. The reason why such an expression is used for a culture description for Japan is that Korean history education aims maintaining of sense of cultural superiority in ancient history.

(1) Our country that has a long history
1 Dangun Wanggeom

　Let’s check the countries and the leaders that our race made and the states of our people’s life at that time by watching the documents.

The first Korean nation, Gojoseon

　Dangun Wanggeom was born among Hwanung, a son of God and the bear woman who transformed herself into a human. 　He established the first nation called Gojoseon on this land.
　Gojoseon gradually enlarged its power to the Korea Peninsula in a circle round the Chinese northeast area. Dangun Wanggeom ruled the country with the mind that “brought profit to people widely”.
　Gojoseon had some laws and made bronze and the iron weapons. There is still an altar where Dangun Wanggeom is said to have enshrined the Lord in Manisan in Jianghua island, and the sacred fire for National Sports Festival is ignited from this place every year.

　Tong-wook felt very proud of the facts that the history of our country was very long and Dangun Wanggeom who put up the first nation Gojoseon was a grandchild of God.

The textbook does not write clearly that Dangun is a person in a myth. On the contrary, it writes “It is a fact that Dangun Wanggeom was a grandchild of God”. And Dangun is a person coming out in Korean myth. Besides, “the Dangun legend” is a King of Gojoseon who appears in the 13th-century “Samguk Yusa” for the first time. It is the creation that connected myths handed down to the several tribes. It is supposed that the myth of Dangun is the fictitious scripture to show the Korean independence from ancient times, and the existence of Dangun’s Korea as a nation is not approved. (wikipedia)

It is said in Korea that the Dangun’s country was born in B. C. 2333. So the name of “Dangun” comes out for the first time in the book written approximately 4,000 years later. However the Korean textbook says “Dangun” existed, though he appears in the book written 4,000 years later and his existence is groundless. It is not understandable for common persons.
It is considered that the Chinese first ancient nation, “Xia dynasty” was established in about B.C.1900. According to the Korean history, Dangun’s nation was established 400 years before the Chinese nation.
Korean Government-designated textbooks for junior high schools write “Dangun unified tribes and founded Gojoseon (old Korea) in B.C.2333”.

It was “Gojoseon” (old Korean state) that developed into a nation among the patriarchal societies earliest. According to the records of “Samguk Yusa” and “Dongguk Tonggam”, Dangun Wanggeom founded “Gojoseon” (old Korean state) (B. C. 2333). Dangun Wanggeom was a title of the ruler then. — Korean Government-designated textbook for high schools, “National history” (March 1, 2007), wikipedia

(“Korean history for high school”, Samhwa publishing company, 2011) Japanese translation version

The textbook writes, “The ruler Dangun Wanggeom held a political ruler and the religious head at the same time” and “B. C.2333 Gojoseon founded” is written in the upper chronological table.

In addition, Mimana which any Japanese knows does not come out in the Korean textbook.

2 Gwanggaeto the Great & Munmu of Silla

　Let’s think about the leaders who made efforts for the growth of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla and for the unification of three countries.

　After Gojoseon the Korean Peninsula was divided into some small countries. Afterwards they were unified into three countries of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, and they came to grow. We call this time the Three Kingdoms period.
　Three countries continued adopting culture each other and sometimes fought each other to enlarge the territory of its own country.
　After Silla unified three countries, Dae Joyeong who was a general of Goguryeo gathered the survivors who were scattered and built a country to regain power of past Goguryeo that had been destroyed. He put a base around Dongmosan in the Chinese northeast district, and built the country and showed power. The country is called Balhae.

Korean scholars have generally regarded Balhae as an extension of or successor to the Korean Goguryeo kingdom. Chinese scholars insist that Balhae was a part of the Chinese history.
They want to understand Balhae with historical views advantageous for their own countries.

3 Wang Geon

　Let’s check the leaders who made efforts for the growth of Goryeo.

4 Yi Seonggye

　Let’s check the leaders who made efforts for the growth of the Joseon dynasty, and their efforts in common.

(2) Ancestors who saved our country
1 Eulji Mundeok

　Let’s check how our ancestors repelled against the invasions by the foreign enemies for Goguryeo Era.

2 Gang Gam-chan

　Let’s check how our ancestors repelled against the invasions by northern peoples for Goryeo Era.

3 Yi Sun-sin

　Let’s check the Japanese invasions of Korea and the activities of General Yi Sun-sin.

(3) Ancestors who brightened our history
1 Sejong the Great & Jang Yeong-sil

Let’s check ancestors who greatly contributed for the growth of our culture and their achievements.

2 Heo Jun & Bak Jiwon

　Let’s check ancestors who made efforts to improve the people’s life and how they made them.

3 Choe Museon & Yi I

　Let’s check what kind of efforts our ancestors made to cultivate the strength of our nation.

(4) Overseas advance of our race
1 Wani & Damjing

　Let’s check what our ancestors did in Japan in the Three Kingdoms period.

　The teacher told that Goguryeo, Paekje and Silla had received Buddhism and knowledge from China and greatly developed them as our culture. The teacher showed two photographs.
They were the statues of Maitreya-bodhisattva whose form resembled each other at first sight.
　“Let’s look for the differences of two Buddha statues.”
　Pupils of the Hyun-joo’s class watched two pieces of photographs in details.
　“The left photograph is Maitreya (putting the right foot on the left femur and thinking) made by gilt bronze of our country.”
　“You know well. This Buddha statue was made in the Three Kingdoms period of our country. Then do you know what kind of Buddha statue the right is?”
　“The structure resembles the left Buddha statue closely, but it does not seem to be made of the gilt bronze.”
　“You can compare them well. This Buddha statue is a wooden Maitreya of the Japanese national treasure. Why are the structures of these two Buddha statues similar? ”
　Each pupil of the Hyun-joo’s class thought about the question of the teacher.
　The teacher told that the Three Kingdoms period greatly developed Buddhism and Confucianism and the culture standard was very high. And he said that our ancestors had taught neighboring Japan our developed culture, and he gave an investigation problem to each group.
　After Hyun-joo’s group checked Wani, the scholar of Baekje, they put their thoughts together as follows.

Wani taught culture of Baekje to Japan

　Wani is the scholar who taught culture of Baekje to Japan. He brought and taught books such as “the Thousand Character Classic” and “the Analects of Confucius” to Japan. He became the teacher of the Japanese king and princes and taught the knowledge while living in Japan for a long time. And he tried to make Japanese people understand classical Chinese and Confucianism.
　The Japanese still worships Wani as a teacher of the Japanese culture, and there are many remains that praise his achievements.

　U-ju’s group checked Damjing who taught Goguryeo culture to Japan. Pupils displayed findings in many places of the classroom and read it in the order.

Damjing brought and taught culture of Goguryeo to Japan.

　There is a temple called Horyu-ji Temple which was erected under the influence of Baekje culture in Nara city that was the old capital of Japan. There is a wooden main hall in this temple. It has the wall paintings that Damjing who was a priest of Kokuryo completed for life.
　The wall paintings in the main hall of Horyu-ji Temple are statues of Buddha and Bodhisattva. They were drawn on the north, south, east and west in the inner temple. Its composition is powerful, and the expression method is exact and they are evaluated as global cultural assets.
　However, these wall paintings have been burnt in a fire considerably before. What you can see now are the paintings that replicated the originals, but you can feel mercy of Buddha well.
　Damjing went to Japan and taught the classical Chinese and how to make paper, writing brush, inkstick, paint, millstone, etc..

The textbook writes “Our country ‘taught’ superior culture to Japan”, giving cases of Wani and Damjing.
In Korea, the usage of “taught” is the expression that a superior person uses for a subordinate, such as a parent for its child or a teacher for its pupil.
The reason why such an expression is used for a culture description for Japan is that Korean history education aims maintaining of sense of cultural superiority in ancient history.
When Japan sent a Japanese sovereign’s message to Joseon Dynasty in 1868, the Dynasty refused receiving it. The reason is that Japan used the words “天皇” that means “the Japanese emperor”. For Korea, “皇, the emperor” does not exist except “the Chinese emperor”. For Korean, the first is China, the second is Korea and Japan is at the bottom. So Korean can not allow that Japanese emperor uses the word “皇, the Emperor”.
The Korean consciousness does not change now either. Though Korea had been invaded and ruled by China many times in the past, Korea does not have the antipathy for that, but they think that the rule by Japan inferior to Korea is humiliation. In other words it is based on “contempt for Japan” from way back not to use the word “皇, the Emperor”. (In Korea people use the word “日王, Japanese King” in place of “天皇, the Japanese Emperor”.)

2 Sillabang & Byeogrando

　Let’s check how persons of Silla and Goryeo advanced overseas.

3 Joseon missions to Japan

　Let’scheck what kind of role Joseon missions to Japan played and how Japan treated them.

　After Hideyoshi Toyotomi who raised the Japanese invasions of Korea died, a new ruler appeared in Japan. He deeply reflected on the Japanese invasions of Korea, hoped negotiations as in the past and demanded dispatch of missions from Korea.

　Whenever the Japanese supreme power person changed, Japan dispatched a feudal lord of Tsushima island to Korea, and informed the fact and demanded dispatch of missions to Japan. The Korean royal court thought that Japan might cause ambition again and might attack Korea. And it did not permit Japanese mission to enter our capital and invited them in Pusan.
　Japan received our missions very hospitably.
　The Japanese intellectuals gathered in the places where our missions stayed, and they made efforts to learn advanced culture of our country including knowledge, techniques and the arts. In that way active cultural exchange was carried out among our mission and the Japanese scholars. Particularly, the Korean Confucianism became mental foundation of Japanese, and it vastly helped Japanese develop their studies.
　They treasured Chinese poetry, pictures, writings, books and the ceramics that our missions handed as the family treasures. They thought the contact with Joseon missions to Japan was the greatest glory.

The textbook insists on the sense of cultural superiority to Japan.
It wants to say the Japanese ambassador could not enter the Korean capital, but the Korean ambassador could enter the Japanese capital. In other words it wants to say the supremacy of Korea over Japan.
Korea sent Tsushinshi because actually Korea feared that Tokugawa shogunate government would begin the war same as the war that Hideyoshi Toyotomi had begun. But it will hurt Korean pride. So they want to emphasize, “It was the Japanese request”. In other words Korea wants to think, “Korea did not want Tsushinshi system, but Tsushinshi went to Japan because Japan begged that Korea sent them to Japan”.

２　Effort for the modernization
(1) Encounter of the foreign culture
1 Weltevree & Hamel

　Let’s check what kind of Western culture entered our country and how the influence was.

　Weltevree went ashore at Jeju island for water, was caught, and was naturalized (귀화, 帰化)…He married Korea woman

Chol-min said in a confident manner,
　“Jeong Yak-yong made an effort to use technology for the life improvement of people. He made the crane that could lift a heavy thing easily with several weights and built Hwaseong (translation with notes : the Suweon Castle in Suweon City) using this crane.
　“Hong Dae-yong had a deep interest in astronomy, and insisted that the earth moves around. In addition, he had a deep interest in the issue of agriculture and technical encouragement too. I read in a book that he insisted to take away the class system.”
Chi-suk and Young-min also presented the results of their research to the class.
The teacher said with a smile.

The word “naturalization” (귀화, 帰化) is a modern term. It is not good for an old event.
The textbook seems to want to emphasize that Korean science developed like the West.

2 Strange ships

　Let’s check why the Western power demanded commerce from our country and how our country dealt with that.

　A case to kill Catholic believers including the French missionary happened.
　France knew this fact and occupied the Jianghua Island by an excuse to inquire into responsibility, and was going to attack Seoul next. When a fight happened between the two countries, our country gathered soldiers from each place and fought hard. The French military that plundered during one month and occupied the Jianghua Island was greatly defeated at Jeong-jok-san castle and was driven out after all.
　And the old books which they plundered then are the precious documents telling our country to the West, and are still kept in France.

　A little before the fight with France, an American merchant ship went up Taedong River and reached Pyongyang and made a demand for trade. The American merchant ship caught our mission who refused commerce then and they performed the barbaric acts such as shutting our mission in. Therefore our armed forces and the people fired the American merchant ship and sank it in Taedong River.
　After several years of the fight with France, the United States knew the fact and sent the warships and attacked Jianghua island.
　At first our armed forces were pushed by the U. S. forces that had an excellent weapon, but repulsed the American armed forces at last, because we had hardened national defense for the invasion of the Western power during this period and fought without being afraid of death.

The textbook seems to want to show the Korean power of fighting without being afraid of death.
It is not clear if the textbook wants to demand the return of the books which the French plundered or not. The Koreans stole the Buddha statues from Japan but Korean government does not try to return them against international law. Therefore can Korea not demand that? They do not seem to demand to return their books from France.

3 Friendship & Commerce

　Let’s check what kind of countries our country came to have a new trade relationship with and how the character of such a treaty was.

　Japan sent a warship called Un'yō off Jianghua Island and it took down an anchor without our permission near Chojijin and measured the depth of the sea and did an act of aggression intentionally. Therefore our battery which protected the shore fired a gun, that warned it to go back.
　Then the Japanese warship fired a gun that was more excellent than that of our country very readily. It caused many damage and came back. Then Japan required our country to conclude the commerce treaty on the pretext of this case.
　Because it was difficult for the power of our country to prevent the Japanese warship and their cannons then while criticizing the act of Japan that was barbarian and was aggressive, the representatives of the two countries gathered in Jianghua island and concluded a treaty after all. This is Jianghua Island treaty.

Though the textbook says the Korean fights without being afraid of death and Korea repulsed France and the United States, Korea easily concluded the treaty without fighting Japan. Why? The reasons are not explained well.

(2) Movement for the new society
1 Civilization Movement

　Let’s check what happened in the process of the development of Civilization Movement and how the society changed at that time.

2 Two Crusades

　Let’s check what the common character of the crusade of the Enlightenment Party was and how the change in living environment of Korea appeared.

3 Tongnip Sinmun & Independence Club

　Let’s check what kind of efforts our ancestors made to keep independence and sovereignty of our country.

4 Modern education

　Let’s check why we thought education was important at time of the modernization of our country and how the Modern education developed.

　The intellectuals who were aware of the world insisted that we should do the new education to make a powerful country by ourselves without borrowing the power of other countries.
Chi-yoon’s great-grandmother graduated from Ewha Womans University.
Ewha Womans University was the our first girl school which an American missionary built in Seoul and which was named by Empress Myeongseong.
　Chi-yoon consulted the encyclopedia to check how the Modern education of our country was. The encyclopedia writes about the schools which our country put up, the schools which the missionaries put up and the schools which inhabitants put up, as well as Ewha Womans University.
　Chi-yoon asked her teacher questions she was interested in.
　Chi-yoon：Teacher! Did our country not have the school for women before Ewha Womans University was built?
　Teacher：Yes. So I hear it was very difficult to recruit students at first because we were not used to women receiving new-type education. It began with only one student and increased the numbers little by little afterwards. I hear the school gave a lunch and school things.
　Chi-yoon：What kind of school did we have before Ewha Womans University?
　Teacher：The beginning of modern school is Wonsan school. Wonsan was one of the ports opened to other countries and was the place where many Japanese merchants gathered. The inhabitants felt unsatisfied with that, and they made a decision to wake people and remind people of the good mind for the country by building a new school. And they built the first modern private school with the money that they collected voluntarily.
　Yeong-cheol：Then what kind of efforts did our country make for Modern education?
　Teacher：As the interchange with the foreign countries began and the new national form was fixed, talented persons with the knowledge of new culture were more necessary for our country. So our government made a policy “to revive our country through education”, and declared it became basic for the development of the country that people received education. And it began to make the new system and schools by the new education method.
　Chi-yoon：What kind of school did our country build at first?
　Teacher：It was the school called Yug-yeong public school. The school introduced new civilization and the teachers of the foreigners taught students. It prepared the dormitory and the government chose students directly. So the heat of the education was great and hot. Afterwards the teachers college which trained teacher, language schools and the elementary schools were built in sequence. We believed firmly that education was base to protect our nation.

Modern education system began by Gabo Reform of 1895 in Korea, but the number of the elementary school was less than 40 in the whole country as of 1906, and the children of the Yang-ban received the education of Chinese classics in the private school called Seodang. Hirobumi Ito who took office as the first commander assumed construction of schools the first priority of the reform under this situation. The school construction work that Ito promoted was continued by Governor-General of Korea after merger too, and the number of the vocational schools in Korea was beyond 1,000 in the 1940s. (wikipedia)
According to Korean “Dong-A-Ilbo”, the illiterate rate of the Korean was 80-99% until the 1920s, but it fell to 40% after Japan pushed forward elementary school education.
（William Elliot Griffis, Corea the Hermit Nation (p.444) (1905) writes, “It is estimated that about eighty-five per cent of the people can neither read nor write.”

As usual, this textbook does not describe a single word about the school construction by Japan.

Korea had only 40 elementary schools in 1905, but Japan spent terrible amount of national budget and increased them to 4,271 schools by 1943.
The upper class was “Yangban” then. They used the classical Chinese and they thought the Hangul Alphabet was the inferior letters. They did not use it. So Japan made the Hangul Alphabet the compulsory subject of the elementary school. The textbook of the first Hangul Alphabet was printed in Tokyo and was bound.
The Netherlands ruled Indonesia for 200 years, but they did make no elementary school for local children. U. K., France and Spain that ruled Africa and Asia were similar.
The Japanese schools were built of wood, but most of school buildings of the Korean elementary school were built of concrete or brick and they were excellent buildings.
Japan made 24 technical schools, 75 junior high schools, 75 girls’ high schools, 133 vocational high schools, 145 business continuation schools and one university preparatory course, as well as the elementary schools.
Further more, Japan made 22 normal schools. (most of them became the Korean national universities later.)
There were five Imperial universities in Japan, and the sixth was Gyeongseong Imperial university in Seoul. (the Seoul university inherited facilities and the board of directors of the Gyeongseong Imperial university, but insists that Gyeongseong Imperial university is not the origin.) The library budget for Gyeongseong Imperial university was 10 times of Tokyo Imperial University.

The Governor-General of Korea built the public halls in villages and taught the Hangul Alphabet and Japanese at night to adults who could not read the letters.

Commentary

Angus Hamilton “Korea” (1904) (Internet Archive )
It is very seldom that the middle classes are able to read more than the mixed Chinese-Korean script of the native Press - in which the grammatical construction is purely Korean. (p. 108)
William Elliot Griffis, Corea the Hermit Nation (1905) (Internet Archive )
It is estimated that about 85 per cent of the people can neither read nor write, though the percentage varies greatly with the locality. (p.444)

(3) Development of the modern culture
1 Change of the food, clothing and shelter

　Let’s check how the people’s life changed, after things Western entered Korea and civilization advanced.

2 Religious life & Literature

　Let’s check how religion and the culture changed after things Western entered Korea.

3 Telephone & Railroad train

　Let’s check how traffic and the communication changed after things Western entered Korea?

4 Smallpox vaccination method & Gwanghyewon

　Let’s check Western medicine and medical facilities that entered Korea for the civilization period.

This textbook does not write even a single word about the inflow of Japanese culture and a large quantity of Japanese words and the inflow of the European and American culture through Japan.
Japan positively adopted European and American culture before and after the Meiji era (1968-). As a result, many European words concerned with the science, the law, the literature, the systems such as school system or jury system, etc. were translated into Japanese using “Kanji” (Chinese characters). In Korea, they were imported as “Kanji” words from Japan. Furthermore, a large quantity of Japanese culture and Japanese words entered to Korea in the period of Japanese rule (1910-1945). 70% of Korean words are still said to be of Japanese origin.
when you translate a foreign book into Korean, it is much easier to retranslate Japanese translation into Korean language than to translate the original into Korean. Because the words order and grammar of Japanese and Korean are almost same, and 70% of their words are same, you can translate European books just by replacing Japanese words with Korean words.

３　Efforts for national power recovery
　“Mihyon! Greet your grandfather”
By the words of father, Mihyon bowed twice to the grave of his grandfather.
Mihyon’s grandfather worked for independence of our country, and he died when he was young. Mihyon’s grandmother had a hard time very much to bring up her young children alone.
　“Father!, I want to know what kind of work my grandfather did for our country and how he died.”
　“So. Because our Mihyon has grown up, I can talk about that.
　At one time Japan made a precise plan and invaded Korea to make this land Japan’s colony. Though our race resisted it in various ways, Korea became the Japanese colony after all because our power was too weak.”
　“Well?”
　“Even under the Japanese reign, our race organized Korean Restoration Army and the independent military and resisted Japanese reign without cease. Your grandfather rendered distinguished services in war against the Japanese military mainly in Manchurian. While he did so, he was shot by the gun of the Japanese military and died young.”
Mihyon came to want to know what happened between our country and Japan in detail at that time my grandfather lived.

(1) Efforts for restoration
1 Righteous army movement

　Let’s check the righteous army movement when Japan began invasion of our country in earnest, and look for the points that you should learn through such a movement.

2 Suffering of our race

　Let’s check how our race suffered from during the period when we were robbed of sovereignty by Japan.

The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 was a treaty that Japan forced our country to conclude by force of arms, and the contents took the diplomacy rights of our country away.
　In contrast, Gojong, Emperor of Korea declared that this treaty was invalid and he made an effort to inform this in the global community, but it was over for failure.
　It was in 1910, five years later, when Japan completely took sovereign power of our country, and since then to the Restoration in 1945, our race tasted innumerable pains.

Japanese invasion of our country & Restoration

Jianghua Island treaty	Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905	Taking sovereign power	Restoration on August 15
Japan threatened our country by military power and concluded the treaty that traded with Japan in Jianghua Island and gradually collapsed our economy.	By this treaty concluded forcibly by Japan, our country became less able to conclude diplomatic relations with other countries without permission of Japan.	Japan merged our country with their country and took all our things and suppressed our race.	By our ancestral steady efforts to reject suppression of Japan, we came to reach Restoration on August 15, 1945 at last.

　Mihyon’s class decided to gather the documents where the process of Japan’s invasion and our racial pains that we experienced were picked up.
　After pupils of the class classified and clipped the documents, they added explanations and displayed them.

＜The first group＞
　　　　　　　　　　　　　Invasion of Japanese imperialism

　Japan built a railroad called Gyeongin Line between Seoul and Inchon in order to carry supplies of our country to Japan early. The Japanese national flag in the photograph clearly tells you about whose thing this railroad is.
　In addition, Japan abolished the Imperial Family of our country and our government and set up Governor-General of Korea as government organs to rule over our race.
　The Governor-General had every power and suppressed our race by military power.
　When our national rights were robbed of, Japan raised a Japanese national flag in front of Gyeongbokgung Palace where Korean King had been for 500 years.

＜The second group＞
　　　　　　Japanese imperialism took supplies of our country

　Japan took away a large quantity of supplies from our land. Therefore our race had to suffer pains of the starvation.
　The thing that Japan wanted the most was rice. Japan used the port of Gunsan to take our delicious rice.
　Japan took the cod, the sardine which we got in East Sea of our country and even the oil taken from the fishes into Japan.
　Japan added reason to reform land system and handed our land to Japanese. Our race turned into the peasants who worked under Japanese in this way.

＜The third group＞
　　　　　　The sufferings during Japanese imperialism invasion period to hear through testimonies

　All our grandfathers and grandmothers experienced many pains during Japanese imperialism invasion period.
　Yong-soo’s grandfather：I was a junior high student at that time. One day I was pulled to the battlefield suddenly. Battlefield where we fought for Japan’s desire, not for our race and our mother country. Then many friends were taken to the battlefields and came through various hardships and lost their lives.
　Cheul’s grandmother：Japan did not take only men to the battlefield. Japan pulled women to the battlefields too to let them do various work in the armed forces and put them to a lot of trouble. There were sometimes many dead people by bombs.

＜The fourth group＞
　　　　　　Japanese imperialism tried to get rid of our ethnicity.

　Japan knew that our ethnicity was deep-seated and tough. And Japan concealed such facts, changed them and tried to make us their marionettes.
Distorted our history
　Japan told us that our race was the weak race that always received foreign rule. In addition, Japan did not let us use our proud-hearted Hangul Alphabet and Japan let us change our family names and the first names into Japanese style and use them. Japan tried to remove the mind of our race.
　Japan forced us to go to the Shinto shrine that was dedicated to their ancestors and worship it and forced us to serve their ancestors.

The Korean modernization by Japan went into full swing after the second Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905.
This textbook insists obstinately as if there were no Koreans who received a benefit of the modernization and it teaches the pupils that they must not evaluate the Japanese acts affirmatively and thank them besides.
In Taiwan, Japan gave education, spread railroads, built roads and built the dams that were said to be the greatest in the East. Taiwan still thanks for the infrastructure maintenance by Japan, but Korea does not thank for Japan at all.
Though Japan did the same thing for Korea as for Taiwan, why does the Korean criticize Japan without thanking? It is because of Korean pride. Koreans have been thinking that China is in the center of the world, and Korea is in the second, and Japan is in “the lower position”. They cannot permit that lower Japan than Korea annexed Korea, aside from being ruled by China. Therefore, all that Japan did for Korea are denied.

3 March 1st Movement

　Let’s check how March 1st Movement was executed and what influence it gave to the later independence movements.

　At first our racial Declaration of Independence began with the students studying new studies in Japan. On February 8, 1919, our students who were abroad and were able to know the world movement early than people in our country declared independence of our race, and they conveyed the declaration to Japanese Government and the embassy of each country. In those days, the domestic religious leaders and young intellectuals were stimulated by the hearts of the people and the movements of the world situation and got ready to wake up the independence movement that all our people participated in.
　The 2.8 Declaration of Independence in Japan promoted a domestic movements. Furthermore, religious groups such as Chondoism, Buddhism and Christianity adjusted their hearts to one and shook their hands and secretly planned the Independence Manse Demonstrations with students in the lead. The day when 20 million Korean people match their voice with one and appeal for Independent Manse was determined on the funeral day of Gojong, Emperor of Korea.

　On the morning of March 1, 1919, Seoul was filled with excitement and feeling of strain. It was because the rumour of the ceremony of Declaration of Independence spread from morning on that day, and the Declaration of Independence was distributed widely at the Tapgol park, and they kept it a secret from Japanese. The posters which appealed for 20 million Koreans’ standing up for independence were posted. Many students and citizens began to gather in the Tapgol park.
　At 2:00 p.m. 33 representatives of our race read Declaration of Independence aloud and appealed for great Korea independence Manse. Then they were arrested by the Japan Police and the military policemen.
　On the other hand, the citizens and students who gathered in the Tapgol park knew that representatives of our race had been taken by the Japan Police, and they executed the ceremony of Declaration of Independence immediately. One young man took out Declaration of Independence from his breast and read it aloud. The hall became solemner.
After the statement of Declaration of Independence was read aloud, the voices to appeal for the independent Manse seemed to rise sky-high. The town was filled with the crowds of the demonstration as if a dam had broken and they appealed for great Korea independence Manse.
　March 1st Movement in Seoul began in this way.
　The documents which promoted that 20 million Koean people took action together for independence were posted everywhere in the town of Seoul.
　　“Gojong, Emperor of Korea died by a Japanese plot. The weak races in the world put their power together by themselves and got independence. 20 million compatriots! Let’s work together and regain the sovereign power which we were robbed of, and let’s save our perishing race.
　Let’s have the revenge of Gojong, Emperor of Korea and Empress Myeongseong.”
　The Manse movement that all citizens participated in did not stop even in the midnight.
　When the lines of the Manse movement covered Seoul, upset Japan mobilized the armed police and armed forces. The Japanese police suppressed the nonviolent demonstration of students and citizens with their bayonets cruelly.
　The Manse demonstration in Seoul made the mall take down the shutters and schools stop. Every citizen participated in it. It continued until the end of March.
　The heat was not only in Seoul. The Manse movement spread through the major cities of the whole country not to mention Pusan and Pyongyang.
　In the local cities as well as Seoul, all citizens proactively participated in the Manse demonstration mainly led by students and young intellectuals. It showed our racial strong independent will.
　Merchants took down the shutters of their stores and participated in Manse demonstration and the workers stopped their work too and protested Japan.
　The independent Manse movement spread through the farm villages of the whole country from the middle of March to the beginning of April. The market itself where farmers gathered became the center of the Manse demonstration.
　Thus March 1st Movement developed into the large-scaled anti-Japanese and independence movement that leaders of our race and students led, and more than 2 million people up to merchants, workers, farmers, women and children participated in.
　The situation of the March 1st Movement was informed to overseas compatriots immediately. Manse demonstration happened at the places where our race lived including Jiandao, Primorskaya Oblast and Hawaii and it showed the independent will of our race and they held the events to reveal the barbaric act of the Japanese imperialism.
　Then Japan violated every evildoing to interfere with the independent Manse movement. They shot guns towards the people who shouted Mansei with the national flags and they set fire to the private houses, the churches and schools, and it was serious they murdered all villagers.

　Many people including Ryu Gwansun were killed or imprisoned, and tormented by every torture.
　The March 1st Movement made the impregnable determination that our race would regain our country by all means, and it showed independence mind to the world by our action. The world came to watch our race with new eyes in this way.
　Our movement that was going to become independent against rule of other races gave a big impression and courage to the Asian races such as China and India that were under the same situation as Korea. And countries in the world came to get interested in the independent problem of our country and began to criticize Japan's invasion and its inhuman acts.
　The leaders of our race came to have new hope for the independence through the March 1st Movement. They established Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai, China to develop independence movement more effectively.
　On the other hand, the Japanese imperialism realized that it could not rule over our race only by military power through March 1st Movement. And it stated that it made power for culture development of our country, but it was actually the plot to influence our country forever.

(2) Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea & Wars of Independence
1 Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea

　Let’s check why we established Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea and let’s investigate the achievements.

　Our race became one and caused the March 1st Movement, but could not regain the independence of our race. And the method of the independence movement came to be reflected on.

　Leaders of our race decided to establish the government as a method to develop independence movement more effectively. Thus they set up Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai, China. The provisional government gathered our racial independent will in one and it was the government which was established by a democratic principle.

　Leaders of the provisional government set the name of our country as "the Republic of Korea" and established the provisional government charter and made it public.

　Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was the best independence movement organization of our race. Therefore, it could unify the groups of domestic and foreign independence movements and leaders of our race, and it could promote independence movement effectively.
　Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea informed that our race were doing independence movement to all countries in the world. And the provisional government set up the contact organs in all parts of the world to do diplomatic activities and wanted the world helping us. The independent activities in France and the United States in particular were remarkable.
　The provisional government made Tongnip Sinmun (independent newspaper) and told the situation of the independence movement to domestic and foreign compatriots.
　It organized secret network and investigated the movement of the domestic Japanese military, and it learned to help domestic independence movement by the methods such as gathering the funds which were necessary for independence movement.
　Though the provisional government was abroad, it received support from our whole race, and it became the center, that gave the compatriots hope and courage that we could become independent.

When you read the textbook, you feel as if the provisional government with great power was established and it did a strong independence movement. However,
The government did not gain formal recognition from world powers, because the United States and other allied powers knew that the provisional government unlike the Polish government-in-exile did not contribute to them in World War II. (wikipedia)
When the Pacific War broke out in 1941, the provisional government activated the movement for the recognition from the allied powers, but America refused that and the recognition by the Kuomintang government was not performed either after all. (wikipedia)
The current Democratic People’s Republic of Korea describes the provisional government as “the government recognized from nobody without support bases among the public”, “Americanophilia and toadyism” and “the exile group which always presented factional strives and the cabinet reshuffle dramas”. Because the current South Korean government insists on legitimacy of Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, the textbook emphasizes it.

2 Korean Patriotic Organization & Korean Restoration Army

　Let’s check what groups were organized for independence and sovereignty of our country and what they did.

　Yong-soo’s class decided to check the people who gave life to independence of our country under the Japanese imperialism. Each group copies what it checked and announced that.

＜The first group＞

Lee Bong-chang, the loyal retainer

　Lee Bong-chang, the loyal retainer was looking for what he could do for his country. He went over to Shanghai and entered Korean Patriotic Organization by instruction of Mr. Kim Koo of the provisional government and performed independence movement.
　Meanwhile he knew that the event the Japanese king participated in would be held in Tokyo and went over to Japan with two bombs to kill the king.
　Lee Bong-chang, the loyal retainer threw a bomb to the carriage the Japanese king got into, but he failed. Lee Bong-chang, the loyal retainer was arrested, and was killed.

＜The second group＞

Yoon Bong-gil, Loyal retainer

　The Japanese military entered Shanghai and decided to hold an event to memorialize the birthday of the Japanese King in Hongkou park. Yoon Bong-gil, Loyal retainer heard this fact and decided to show to Japanese that a Korean brave man lived.
　Yoon Bong-gil, Loyal retainer threw the bomb which he hid in his lunch box powerfully towards a commemorative ceremonial hall. The bomb exploded, and, some important persons including a Japanese military commander died and suffered the serious wound.
　The world newspapers reported the courageous Korean action.
　Yoon Bong-gil, Loyal retainer was arrested on the site, and died for the country in Japan.
（the point that I felt）
　I am proud that our ancestors gave life to save this country, and I thought that we should do what we can do for our country and our race.

　Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea gathered together the independent militaries which lay scattered and fought in the Chinese areas, and organized the Korean Restoration Army. And young men who had been commandeered forcibly by the Japanese armed forces but had got away also moved to the Korean Restoration Army.
　The Korean Restoration Army was waiting time to regain the independence of the mother country while doing severe training.
　Japan caused World War II at last. Therefore the provisional government declared war against Japan and conducted Wars of Independence while contacting the Allied Forces. As our racial independent will was known widely, the world strong large countries could not help promising independence of our country.
　Because the our whole race gathered power in this way inside and outside the country and protested Japan, we were able to invite Restoration at last.

This textbook praises terrorism.
The textbook writes, “‘several Japanese were killed or injured by the bombs’ means ‘our ancestors gave life to save this country’”, but I don’t think that protected their country.
Ahn Chang-ho continued objecting to use of armed force by terrorism throughout, unlike other Korea independence campaigners. (wikipedia)
Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was not recognized as a participation in the war countries of World War II from the allied powers and the Axis too. So its signature to the San Francisco Peace Treaty was not accepted too. About the Republic of Korea establishment, the Korean domestic educational institution tells it’s 1919, but the international law and diplomacy admit formally it’s 1948. (wikipedia)
The textbook want to show the Korean provisional government like the provisional government that French de Gaulle led. But it is unreasonable.
Lee Young-hoon, a professor Emeritus of Economics at Seoul National University says,
“Korean government-designated textbook (1985 version) writes, ‘Korean Restoration Army saw the restoration day without executing a plan to advance to our country in September in the same year, because the Allied Forces dropped an atom bomb on Japan and Japan performed an unconditional surrender on August 15, 1945.’ But, It was only one year in 1920 after the March 1st Movement that the Japanese military and the Korean Restoration Army fought in Manchuria and China. All is overestimated description far apart from the actual situation.”, “It is the obvious fact that our race was released thanks to the war that Japan and the United States began and was released by the United States.”, “Our race was freed accidentally, because the United States dismantled Japanese imperialism forcibly. We were not freed by our power. Now Korean youths may feel disgust at my telling such a thing, but they must stare at this point from the front calmly.” (wikipedia)

3 Signal victory in Qingshanli

　Let’s check Wars of Independence that happened in China and Primorskaya Oblast and why they particularly became the strongholds of the independent army of our country.

　Pupils of the Yong-soo’s class pestered their teacher to tell the story that the independent military fought. The teacher talked as follows.

　It was exciting, and our independent army defeated the Japanese military everywhere. Battle of Fengwudong and Signal victory in Qingshanli are particularly famous in them.

　General Hong Beom-do was the person who organized the righteous army at North Hamgyong Province, and made an outstanding performance after Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905.
　After our country was robbed of by Japan, General Hong Beom-do went over to Manchuria and organized the independent army.
He often crossed the Tumen River with the independent army and attacked the Japanese military. The independent army annihilated approximately one battalion of the Japanese military.

　General Kim Chwa-chin pretended to lose and escape, and he lured two divisions of the Japanese military into the valley of Qingshanli.
　The independent army surrounded the Japanese army for approximately ten times in six days and ran about the mountain roads quickly and shot dead or injured more than 3,300 Japanese soldiers. The independence army defeated the Japanese army. This is Signal victory in Qingshanli most famous in history of Wars of Independence.
　General Kim Chwa-chin who was the hero of this battle was regrettably assassinated by the communist of the same compatriot later.
　The Japanese army soundly beaten by in Fengwudong and Qingshanli shot dead cruelly our compatriots who lived in China and set fire to their houses under pretence of removing the base of the independent army.
　Therefore the independence army had the trouble that they had to be scattered in each place at one time and it moved its base to Primorskaya Oblast area at last.

　Yong-soo imagined the independence army that gave their lives in every pain and fought and he felt proud of them and he became full of the feelings of thanks.

As for the opinions of the Korean side about the damage of the Japanese army,
- “Blood history of Korean independence movement” (1920) by Park Eun-sik writes “approximately 900 to 1,600 including Kano regiment commander”,
- “History of political parties of Republic of Korea” (1964) by Korea Central Election Commission edition writes “approximately 1,000”,
- “History of Korea war” (1967) by Korea national defense region war history editing committee writes “3,300 casualties”
- and “History of Korean Zionism” (1975) by Cho Chi-hun writes “3,300 including Kano regiment commander”.
The damage of the Japanese army is getting exaggerated as time goes by. (wikipedia)
Japanese sources claim 11 dead and 24 wounded, and no officer casualties at the battle in Qingshanli. These numbers are repeated by the list of the dead of the Yasukuni Shrine. Japanese investigation of weapons of the 19th Division after the expedition claims that the Japanese army consumed little. (wikipedia) Because the list of Yasukuni shrine is correct, 11 dead is right.
“Signal victory in Qingshanli” that Korea says occupies the important part in “the independence movement of the Korea race”. And it is the core of “The mythology of establishing Korea”. So Korea has no choice but to make it “a big win”. (wikipedia)

(3) Improvement of ability of our race & Culture protection movement
1 Movement of racial independence in school

　Let’s check what kind of efforts our race did to develop the strength of our nation and to keep independence.

　The teacher said to read the biography of Mr. Ahn Chang-ho.
　There were various books in the bookstore about Mr. Ahn Chang-ho. Yong-soo chose the book for pupils at the elementary school and wrote the description of his impressions as follows.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ahn Chang-ho
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　class 6-○　　Park Yong-soo
　Mr. Ahn Chang-ho was the patriot at the end of the Yi Dynasty Korea period. Because he knew the then world circumstances well, he was anxious about our country very much.
　“Everybody! Our country is extremely in danger like a candle flickering in the wind. The Qing dynasty has acted the lord up to the present, but now Japan, Russia and other Western countries may act the lord. It is the time when the whole nation becomes one and must bring up our power now. We must bring up our power. There are many countries that want our country. What we need at first is the power, the second is the power too.”
　This is content of the speech that Mr. Ahn Chang-ho spoke in front of audience when he was 21 years old. Mr. Ahn Chang-ho thought that the way to promote the power of the country was to let nations wake through education.
　So he established Daeseon school in Pyongyang and educated young persons. The educational policy of the school that Mr. Ahn Chang-ho made was to wake our racial spirit and to correct ethnicity. He made efforts to bring up the talented persons who devoted their lives for our race.
　Afterwards Mr. Ahn Chang-ho organized “Heungsadan” for our race to stick together and not to lose the independent mind. In addition, he went over to Shanghai, China and acted for Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea too.
　It was when he was arrested by the Japanese police and received a trial.
　“Do you intend to continue independence movement?”
　Mr. Ahn Chang-ho answered the question of the Japanese judge as follows.
　“Yes, I do. I eat a meal for the independence of the Republic of Korea and I sleep for the independence of the Republic of Korea. This does not change until my body disappears.”
　I read the biography of Mr. Ahn Chang-ho, and I received a big impression. His thought that power of the education was important to bring up our country and our race and his spirit that he loved our nation and our race made me think about what I should do.

Ahn Chang-ho continued objecting to use of armed force by terrorism throughout, unlike other Korea independence campaigners. (wikipedia)
He continued taking the stance that Korea should gain independence from Japan with real racial ability after Korean itself enriched our country’s resources as the modern nation.
This textbook praises terrorism, but it does not mention that Chang-ho continued to object to it.

2 Buy Korean Movement

　Let’s check how our race opposed the economic invasion of Japan after the sovereignty of our country was robbed of, 　and compare it with the today’s state of our economic activities.

　After the March 1st Movement, not to mention the leaders of our race and the citizens also realized that it was important to bring up our racial companies in order to oppose the economic invasion of Japan.
　Such an economic independence movement published the slogan, “Our lives with our things” and it began from Pyongyang and spread throughout the entire country.
　The movement using products made in Korea had the use of home products and the thrift as the base. Particularly, it suggested to habitually use the things that our race made. For example, it fixed the clothes of the man and woman for turumagi and chima and prevented you from wearing the Western clothes that Japanese made.

　When the movement to use the Korean things spread nationwide in this way, Japan considered this movement as one of the racial independence movements and exposed oppression, such as Japan did not permit the lectures, arrested the lecturers and broke up the lectures forcibly. Besides, Japan prohibited this movement forcibly finally.
　The movement against economic invasion of Japan happened in the farm villages and the factories too.
　Japan took much agricultural land away from our farmers by an excuse to investigate land. As a result, our farmers lost land and came to cultivate it on the disadvantageous conditions and were tormented to many debts.
　Many farmers drifted to Manchurian or Primorskaya Oblast. On the other hand, farmers promoted resistance movement against the Japanese who ruled our farmland and the Korean who cooperated with Japan.
　In addition, people who worked in the factories Japanese ran developed the campaign for wage increase and improvement of work conditions.

Until now, the textbook has written that “all citizens” participated in independence movement. But “Korean who cooperated with Japan” comes out suddenly. There is contradiction in this sentence.
The German cars run in Korea, but the Japanese cars do not. The reason depends on such an education since the elementary school.
The wage increase campaign in Korea is still severe now.

3 Spread of Hangul Alphabet by Korean Language Society

　Let’s check what kind of activities our race presented for the spread of Hangul Alphabet in invasion of Japan.

4 People who saved our history and culture

　Let’s check what kind of efforts our race made to protect our history and culture for the Japanese imperialism invasion period.

　In the Japanese imperialism invasion period, most of scholars of our country studied the history of our country and wrote the books which clarified excellence of our racial origin and culture.

　The teacher said while showing the photograph of one old man.
　　“This is Mr. Park Eun-sik. He became the President in Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea and did independence movement.”
　　“Teacher! I have read his biography. He made efforts to study our history in the Japanese imperialism invasion period, didn’t he?”
　　“That’s right, the next sentences are the preface of the history book called ‘Painful History of Korea’ that Mr. Park Eun-sik wrote.”

　Korea was established at the about same time as China. 　Culture flowered early, and the people in the world said that our people were good and our country was the country of virtue. 　The history went by without a break, and approximately 4,300 years passed.
　Ah, our ancient culture spread through Japan, and their (Japanese) food, clothes and houses flowed from us, and their religion, arts and sciences went from us again, too. Therefore though they made us a teacher early, are they going to make us a slave now?　…（The rest is omitted）…

Under the rule by Governor-General of Korea, not only the elementary education but also Japanese language education and Korean language education began, and the spread of Hangul Alphabet really advanced. (wikipedia)