Korean Government-designated textbook of history for junior high schools Ⅱ
한국의 중학교국정역사교과서Ⅱ　－　중학교국정국사

Korean Government-designated textbook of history for junior high schools 2002 first edition, 2009 the eighth impression

translated by Hiroo Mituhashi (Akashi Shoten)，2008

Korean Government-designated textbook of history for elementary schools Korean Government-designated textbook of history for junior high schools Reading the Korean history textbook　(Japanese) KOREAN NEWS　1 2 3 4 5 6 7 What kind of country is Korea? Korean Fakes

1. Preface of 2002 version

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
역사歴史는 오늘의 삶을 비추어 주는 거울이며, 내일来日을 내다볼 수 있는 창窓이기도 하다. 따라서, 역사歴史 서술叙述은 과거過去가 어둡다고 하여 숨기거나 없는 것을 있다고 과장誇張해서는 안 된다. 역사歴史 서술叙述은 치우침이 없고 엄격厳格하여야 한다. (p. 2)	歴史は今日の生を照らす鏡であり、明日を見通せる窓ともいう。したがって、歴史の叙述は過去が暗いからと隠したり、ないものをあると誇張してはならない。 歴史の叙述は偏ることなく厳格でなければならない。(p. 4)	The history is a mirror lighting up today’s life and is called the window which can foresee tomorrow. Therefore, it is unacceptable that the description of the history hides the truth because our past was dark, and it is unacceptable that the description of the history exaggerates the thing that did not exist as what did exist. The description of the history must not be biased. It must be strict.



• History descriptions cannot include absolute impartiality. The viewpoint of the author is definitely reflected by all means. Furthermore, it is impossible that the government-designated textbook does not reflect the political position of the government.
• The Korean cannot understand logically how the description of their history textbooks is biased.

2. The formation of the ancient state ･･････ “Dangun” founded Gojoseon in B. C. 2333, though there is no grounds.

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
단군壇君의 고조선古朝鮮 건국建国은 우리 나라의 역사歴史가 매우 오래 되었음을 말해 준다. 또, 단군壇君의 건국建国 사실事実과 홍익인간弘益人間의 건국建国 이념理念은 우리 민족民族이 어려움을 당할 때마다 자긍심自矜心을 일깨워 주는 원동력原動力이 되었다. (p. 18)	壇君の古朝鮮建国はわが国の歴史がとても古いことを物語る。 また、壇君の建国の事実と弘益人間の建国理念は、以後、わが民族が困難にあうたびに自負心を呼び覚ます原動力となった。(p. 20)	The founding of Dangun’s Gojoseon shows that the history of our country is very old. In addition, the fact of the founding of our country by Dangun and the idea of its founding have been driving forces that reminded us of self-confidence whenever our race met difficulty afterward.



• For Korean, it is not a problem whether a historic event is true or not. It is important whether a historic event can satisfy the pride as the Korean.
  Korean will not look at history as it really was, but as they wish it to be. What they wish history to be becomes their history and it is written in their history textbook.
• Dangun is a person coming out in Korean myth. Besides, “the Dangun legend” is a King of Old Korea who appears in the 13th-century “Samguk Yusa” for the first time. It is the creation that connected myths handed down to the several tribes. It is supposed that the myth of Dangun is the fictitious scripture to show the Korean independence from ancient times, and the existence of Dangun’s Korea as a nation is not approved. (wikipedia)
• It is said in Korea that the Dangun’s country was born in B. C. 2333. So the name of “Dangun” comes out for the first time to the book written approximately 4,000 years later. However the Korean textbook says “Dangun” existed, though he appears in the book written 4,000 years later and his existence is groundless. It is not understandable to common persons.
• This is like the textbook that writes that Adam and Eve in the Bible existed. It’s just like the prewar Japanese history textbook, that says the Emperor Jinmu coming out to Japanese myth written in approximately 1,400 years later is the first Japanese Emperor. It is anachronism that such a description appears in a textbook in the present, and it’s surprising. It is unscientific expression.
  It cannot let junior high students acquire a scientific thought even if it can let them learn nationalism.
• According to the reliable documents, the the oldest country in Korea is “Wiman Joseon” that comes up in “Records of the Grand Historian” (completed in about B. C. 91) . Wiman was a Chinese general and took refuge in Korea with more than 1,000 gangs in about B. C. 200 and he took “King Jun of Gojoseon” (king of the Gija Joseon) by surprise and snatched the government. Because there is not any record about old Korea of Gija Joseon, you should take “Korea before Wiman” as the prehistoric age.
  However, the Korean government can not permit that the Korean history begins with “Wiman Joseon” that was a Chinese colony. Therefore the Korean government insists that “Dangun’s Gojoseon” and “Gija Joseon” which are only a myth are historical facts. “Dangun’s Gojoseon” is particularly important, because it is "Korea by the Korean". And it is absolutely necessary, because it shows that the Korean history is long almost as same as Chinese history. Therefore, the ideology of the Korean nationalism asks for the real existence of “Dangun’s Gojoseon”, even if you can not find out “Dangun’s myth” before the 13th century (“Dangun” appears in “Samguk Yusa” written in the 13th-century for the first time) and its contents are very absurd.
• In addition, “Dangun” appears in the history textbook of the high school as an real person too. Common sense does not go in Korea.
• If Japanese textbook wrote, “In B. C. 660, Emperor Jinmu, the first Emperor established Yamato State (the ancient state of Japan). Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) wrote that”, criticism would arise from all over Japan. Of course such a textbook is impossible in Japan, the United States, and Europe. (“Nihonshoki” was completed in 720.)
• The first page of the history textbook like this makes you anticipate that the following pages are same too.
  
  (“Korean history for high school”, Samhwa publishing company, 2011) Japanese translation version
  
  The textbook write, “The ruler Dangun Wanggeom held a political ruler and the religious head at the same time” and “B. C.2333 Gojoseon founded” is written in the upper chronological table.
  
  

3. The view of “One-way cultural propagation” ･･････ A idea that culture propagated only from Korea to Japan, but there is no reverse way.

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
또, 가야伽耶의 일부一部 세력勢力이 일본日本에 진출進出하여 일본日本의 고대 문화古代 文化 발전發展에 이바지하였다. (p. 42) 신라新羅의 불교佛教는 일본日本에 큰 영향影響을 끼쳤다. (p. 72)	また、伽耶の一部勢力が日本に進出し、日本の古代文化発展に奉仕した。(p. 44) 新羅の仏教は日本に大きな影響をおよぼした。(p. 74)	In addition, some power of Gaya confederacy went into Japan and served the development of Japanese ancient culture. The Buddhism of Silla had a big influence on Japan.



• Ancient Japan came under a big cultural influence of the Korean Peninsula, but adversely there is a lot of influence that Japan gave to the southern part of the peninsula. Magatama made of jade, cylinder type earthenware vessel and Japanese ancient burial mound (square at the front and rounded in the rear) are the examples.
• It turned out that with no sources in the Korean Peninsula, the only sources of gem-grade jade in Asia were Japan and Myanmar; that though none of the magatama excavated in the Korean Peninsula can be definitively traced back to the same time period as those excavated in Japan, the latest examination of their chemical composition showed that they were identical to the ones from the site surrounding Itoigawa, Japan.
• However, the Korean government can not accept the influence from Japan to Korea. Because for Korea it is important that “The flow of the civilization was one way from the Korean Peninsula to Japan”. If Korea accepted the influence from Japan to Korea, Korea could not deny “the view of Mimana, Japanese prefecture in Korea”. ("The Chronicle of Japan" writes that there was the government organ of Japan in Mimana that included a part of ancient Kaya in southern Korean Peninsula.) Therefore Korea can’t help emphasizing the influence on Japan from the peninsula and insisting on “One-way cultural propagation” that entirely ignores the influence from Japan.
• Korean social studies textbook has many parts that despise other races to emphasize excellence of the Korea race. It describes “Japanese people is inferior to us culturally” in particular throughout it. (Korea・The Kyunghyang Shinmun)
  Korean always says, “Korean taught all the Japanese culture to Japan”. Therefore, Korea cannot accept influence from Japan to emphasize excellence of the Korea race. Besides they cannot accept that there was the government organ of Japan in the Korean Peninsula.

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The reason is not identified. Korea backfills the Korean Peninsula's greatest ancient grave right after it is opened. 　(Korea・HANKYOREH) 　　(March 18, 2021)

The grave has the characteristic of ancient Kyushu's graves. The grave has the characteristic of ancient Kyushu's graves. Japanese style, Keyhole-shaped tumulus Japanese style, Keyhole-shaped tumulus This is the ancient tomb named Janggobong. It is estimated that it was built in the early sixth century. The outside and the inside of the grave became clear by the excavational investigation of Korean culture institute. The investigation was carried out from last October to this February after an interval of 1, 500 year. Surprisingly the burial mound and structure of the grave and the religious service trace were about the same to those of Japanese noble that were built in Kyushu of Japan from the fifth to the sixth century. As a result of the investigation, it became clear that the grave had the characteristic of ancient Kyushu's graves. It had a wall with slim boards in the lower end portion and the broken stones precisely piled up on them. On the ceiling and the wall, red light vermilion lacquer trace remained. It is the typical character of the Japanese graves in Yayoi period. Pak Cheongsu, archeology anthropology professor at the Kyungpook National Univ. said, “I felt same when I entered the grave of a Japanese in Kyushu.” However, the burial mound of the grave was buried again in the end of February.

According to the Nihon Shoki, the Japanese history book finished in 720, "Mimana Japan's prefecture" existed in the southern part of Korean Peninsula from the fourth to the sixth century and the area was in the Japanese sphere of influence. Tajima Osamu who knows a lot about circumstances in Korea talks in this way. “This may be materials affirming existence of ‘Mimana Japan's prefecture’ that was the prefectural government of the YAMATO government that The Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan) writes. The Korean historical perspective can not accept the facts. Therefore, according to the Korean thought, the grave should be reburied and you should think the grave did not existed. In Korea the desire for ‘Korean ideal history’ has priority than the sciences. ”

4. The foundation of the Joseon dynasty (1392) ･･････ It says nothing about the reason of the naming of “Joseon”.

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
새 왕조王朝를 세운 세력勢力은 고조선古朝鮮을 계승継承한다는 뜻에서 나라 이름을 ’조선朝鮮’이라 하고, 도읍都邑을 한양漢城으로 정定하였다. (p. 127)	新王朝を建てた勢力は古朝鮮を継承するという意味で国名を「朝鮮」とし、都を漢城に定めた。(p. 129)	The power that built a new dynasty named the country “Joseon” that meant to succeed to old Joseon, and made Hanseong the capital.



• According to 1996 version, the description about the founding of the Joseon dynasty was as follows.
  “The new dynasty named the country Joseon. ‘Joseon’ means to inherit the tradition of old Joseon and to demand the racial originality from Dangun. Therefore the name of country Joseon reflected the eternal traditional culture and national consciousness and included the independent awareness for the racial history.”
• The historical fact is that Emperor Hongwu of China’s Ming dynasty said to Yi Seong-gye, “How do you change the name of your country? Tell me immediately” and Yi Seong-gye administration prepared for two candidates of “Joseon” (country of the stillness in the morning) and “Hwaryeong” (country of the peace). Korean administration had Chinese emperor choose that. Because “Hwaryeong” was another name of Karakoram that was the base of the Northern Yuan dynasty, the Emperor chose “Joseon” that was the name of an ancient kingdom destroyed by Wu-di of previous Han. (wikipedia)
• The description of 2002 version became a little light, but it did not change the attitude to “hide the truth because their past was dark”, although the textbook says, “it is unacceptable that the description of the history hides the truth because our past was dark”.

5. Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
수군水軍이 승리勝利를 거두고 의병義兵의 활동活動이 활발活發하게 전개展開될 무렵, 명明의 원군援軍까지 도착到着하여 조선朝鮮은 왜군倭軍에 반격反撃을 가加하게 되었다. (p. 148)	水軍が勝利を収め、義兵の活動が活発に展開されている頃、明の援軍まで到着して朝鮮は倭軍に反撃を加えるようになった。(p. 150)	When Korean water forces gained victory and the volunteer soldiers behaved actively, the reinforcement of Ming dynasty arrived and Korea came to add a counterattack to the Japan forces.



• The word “invasion” is used for Japan throughout, but on the other hand it is seldom used for other countries except Japan.
• The dispatch of troops by Hideyoshi Toyotomi is expressed with “invasion”, but the invasion of Mongolia in the 13th century is expressed with “entering”. In brief, Korea seems to want to say that Japanese is meaner than Mongolian.
• In the northwestern part of Korea, the excellent attack of the Japanese military stopped at Pyongyang, and it was pushed back to Hanseong and its environs by the military of Ming dynasty that arrived afterward. The Korean textbook assumes that the reversal of such a war situation owes to Korean water forces and the volunteer soldiers, and the reinforcement of Ming dynasty is regrettably treated like an appendix.
• The textbook gives an impression as if the Koreans had banded together and resisted the invasion of the Japanese military. Actually there were a lot of tagrag and bobtail who welcomed the Japanese military warmly as a liberation army, and there was a government official who tied up two princes (Im Hae-gun and Sun hwa-gun) and handed them over to the Japan military. Unlike words of the preface, these matters are not written.

6. Result of war ･･････ The textbook assumes it Korean victory, defeat of Japan.

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
7 년간年間의 전쟁戰爭은 조선朝鮮의 승리勝利로 끝났고, 일본日本의 침략侵略 의도意図는 좌절挫折되었다. 일본日本은 조선朝鮮의 항복降伏을 받지도 못했고, 영토領土를 얻지도 못했다. 그렇지만 이 전쟁戰爭으로 가장 큰 피해被害를 본 것은 조선朝鮮이었다. (p. 149) 그러나 조선朝鮮으로부터 여러 가지 문화재文化財와 선진先進 문물文物이 일본日本에 전傳해져, 일본日本은 문화文化 발전發展을 이를 수 있었다. (p. 150)	7年間の戦争は朝鮮の勝利に終わり、日本の侵略の意図は挫折した。日本は朝鮮を降伏させられず、領土も得られなかった。 それにもかかわらず、この戦争で最大の被害を受けたのは朝鮮だった。(p. 151) しかし、朝鮮からいろいろな文化財や先進文物が日本に伝わり、日本の文化発展に寄与した。(pp. 151-152)	The 7-years war ended with Korean victory, and the intention of the invasion of Japan failed. Japan could not make Korea surrender and could not get the territory either. Nevertheless it was Korea to have suffered greatest damage in this war. However, various cultural assets and advanced civilization came to Japan from Korea and contributed to cultural development of Japan.



• When the students read this sentences, they will feel a question, because the textbook says “Korea that won the war suffered the heaviest damage, and Japan that were defeated had profited most”.
• The Petit Sinocentrism in the Era of Joseon dynasty taught closing its eyes for military and economic inferiority and indulging in cultural and moral superiority to Korean. This textbook also seems to teach looking away from reality and indulging in sense of superiority without grounds.

7. Dispatch of Korean Tsushinshi

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
조선朝鮮은 일본日本의 사신使臣이 수도首都에 들어가는 것을 금禁하고, 동래東萊만으로 일을 시켜, 귀국帰国시켰다. 이것에 비比해, 통신사通信使는 일본日本의 에도江戸 (도쿄東京)까지 가서 막부幕府의 장군将軍을 만나는등, 활발活發한 외교外交를 펼쳤다. 통신사通信使는 일본日本의 요청要請을 받고 일본日本에 건너가 극진極盡한 대우待遇를 받았으며, 일본日本의 문화文化 발전發展에 공헌貢獻하였다. 그들이 다녀간 후後에는 일본내日本内에 조선朝鮮의 문화文化와 풍속風俗이 펴질 정도程度였다. (p. 150)	朝鮮は日本の使臣が都に入ることを禁じ、東萊（トンネ）だけで仕事をさせ、帰国させた。 これに比べ、通信使は日本の江戸（東京）まで行って幕府の将軍に会うなど、活発な外交をくり広げた。 通信使は日本の要請を受けて日本に渡り、手厚い待遇を受け、日本の文化発展に貢献した。 彼らが訪れた後には、日本国内に朝鮮の文化と風俗が広まるほどであった。(p. 152)	Korea forbade that Japanese ambassadors entered the capital and let them work only in Dongnae and let them go back. In contrast, Tsushinshi went to the capital Edo (Tokyo) in Japan and met a general of the Tokugawa shogunate and pushed forward with active diplomacy. Tsushinshi went to Japan in response to the request of Japan and received utmost treatment and contributed to cultural development of Japan. After they came, Korean culture and customs spread out in Japan.



• They want to say the Japanese ambassador could not enter the Korean capital, but the Korean ambassador could enter the Japanese capital. In other words they want to say the supremacy of Korea over Japan.
• Korea sent Tsushinshi because actually Korea feared that Tokugawa shogunate government would begin the war same as the war that Hideyoshi Toyotomi had begun. But it will hurt Korean pride. So they want to emphasize, “it was the Japanese request”. In other words Korea wants to think, “Korea did not want Tsushinshi system, but Tsushinshi went to Japan because Japan begged that Korea sent them to Japan”.
• “Tsushinshi contributed to cultural development of Japan”. - This is the sense of superiority to Japan again.

8. The view that “Sedo politics” during the late Joseon dynasty is the villain’s role

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
이렇게 세도勢道 정치政治가 계속繼續되면서 각종各種 부정不正 부태腐敗로 인因해 나라는 어지러워졌고, 모든 고통苦痛은 백성百姓들에게 돌아갈 수 밖에 없었다. (p. 176) 이에 백성百姓들은 나라의 정치政治가 바로잡히고, 서양西洋의 침략侵略으로부터 나라가 안전安全하기를 원願하였다. (p. 189)	このような勢道政治が続き、各種の不正腐敗によって国は乱れ、あらゆる苦痛は民衆に帰ってくるしかなかった。(p. 178) 民衆は国の政治が正され、西洋の侵略から国が守られることを願った。(p. 191)	Such “Sedo politics” spread out, and the country fell in state of disorder by various unjust corruptions, and every pain couldn’t but lie heavily on the people. The people hoped that their politics would be straightened and the country would be protected from Western invasion.



• “Sedo politics” means that a person or a group with the confidence of King has the political power monopolistically.
• During the late Joseon dynasty, “Sedo politics” raged. The relative of the queen held real power and ruled the government as they pleased. The textbook described, as if it is the cause of the Joseon dynasty’s decline that sovereignty was weakened and “Sedo politics” was performed.
• However, if weakened sovereignty causes corruption and confusion, Japan would have been continuing to decline all the time from the Heian era to the Edo era. In Japan, the sovereignty of the Emperor had been weakened until the Edo era, but the politics and Japanese culture developed.
• The fundamentalism of the Cheng–Zhu school seemed to greatly influence the decline of the Joseon dynasty. This spread “Yangban culture” that despised production activity over Korea, it intensified the interparty strife of the specialty of Korea and it brought military weakening and economical stagnation.
• However, Korean can not blame the Cheng–Zhu school. Because it would threaten the sense of cultural superiority to Japan. Then “Sedo politics” was chosen as the scapegoat of the country’s decline.

9. The name “Emperor of Japan” ･･････ The textbook never uses the word, but uses “king”.

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
한편便, 메이지明治 유신維新을 통通해 새로운 국가国家 체제体制를 갖춘 일본日本도 통상通商 수교修好를 요구要求해 왔으나 그 외교 문서外交 文書에 일본日本 국왕国王이 조선朝鮮 국왕国王을 낮추어 보는 표현表現과 종래従来의 외교外交 관행慣行에 어긋나 내용内容이 있어 조선朝鮮 정부政府는 이를 거부拒否했다. (p. 194) 일본日本에 거주居住하고 있던 박열朴烈은 일본日本 왕실王室의 결혼식結婚式이 거행擧行되던 날에 일본日本 국왕国王 부자父子를 제거除去하기 위한 준비準備를 하다가 발각發覺되어 일제日帝가 패망敗亡하기까지 22년年 동안이나 감옥監獄에서 고통苦痛을 겪었다.(pp. 276-277) 김구金九가 이끈 한인韓人 애국단愛国団의 단원団員인 이봉창李奉昌은 1932년年에 일본日本 도쿄東京에서 한국韓国 침략侵略의 원흉元兇인 일본日本 국왕国王을 처단處斷하기 위해 국왕国王의 마차馬車에 폭탄爆彈을 던졌으나 성공成功하지 못하였다.(p. 277)	一方、明治維新を通して新しい国家体制を整えた日本も通商修好を要求してきたが、 その外交文書に日本国王が朝鮮国王を見下す表現と従来の外交慣行に反する内容があったので、朝鮮政府はこれを拒否した。(p. 196) 日本に居住していた朴烈は、日本王室の結婚式が行われた日に、日本国王親子をとり除く準備をしていて発覚し、 日帝が敗北するまで22年間も監獄で苦痛を味わった。(p. 279) 金九が率いた韓人愛国団の団員李奉昌は、1932年に日本の東京で韓国侵略の元兇である日本国王を処断するため国王の馬車に爆弾を投げたが成功しなかった。(p. 277)	On the other hand, Japan that fixed the new national polity through the Meiji Restoration demanded amity and commerce from Korea, but the Korea government refused this because the Japanese diplomatic document included the expression that the Japanese king looked down on the Korea king and the contents that were against the conventional diplomacy custom. Pak Yol who lived in Japan got ready to remove Japanese king and children on the day when the wedding ceremony of the Japanese king’s Family was held. But it was found out and he tasted pain in a prison for 22 years until the Empire of Japan was defeated. Lee Bong-chang was a member of the Korea Patriotic Legion which Kim Gu had organized. He threw a bomb to the carriage of the Japanese king in Tokyo, Japan in 1932 in order to assassinate the king who was a chief instigator of the Korean invasion, but it did not succeed.



• The 1996 version wrote “Korea refused the Japan’s request of the opening of Korean ports, because Korea feared that if Korea accepted it, the Western Great Powers came after Japan”. Actually “Korea refused that because a letter ‘皇’ was in the Japanese sovereign’s message”, but if the textbook writes so, it shows “Korea was a Chinese dependency”. Therefore the textbook covered the fact and did not write it. (“皇” means Emperor. For Korea, “皇” is a letter to use for only the Chinese emperor.)
• The 2002 version changes the expression of the 1996 version and mentions the Japanese sovereign’s message, but it only writes with “the expression that the Japanese king looked down on the Korea king and the contents that were against the conventional diplomacy custom”. Some students will have a question, "What kind of thing on earth would be written in it ?" and they will check it, and they will know the Korean Sadaejuui (trimming policy).
  (Sadaejuui conflates an attitude of subservience with the political realism which accompanies the prudent recognition of greater power. Sadae describes a foreign policy characterized by the various ways a small country acknowledges the strength of a greater power like that of China.)
• It is the official thinking of the Korean government to call Japanese emperor “the Emperor, ‘天皇’”, but it is strange that the government-designated textbook consistently uses “the king”. For Korean, “皇” is only in China. Korean cannot allow Japan to use “皇”. It shows Korean Sadaejuui for China.

10. Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 (Treaty of Ganghwa Island)

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
강화도江華島 조약条約에서는 조선朝鮮이 자주自主 국가国家임을 밝혔지만, 조선朝鮮에 불리不利한 규정規定이 포함包含되어 있었다. (p. 198)	江華島条約では朝鮮が自主国家であることを明らかにしたが、朝鮮に不利な規定が含まれていた。(p. 200)	The Treaty of Ganghwa Island clarified that Korea was an autonomy nation, but it included a disadvantageous rules for Korea.



• These words show that Korea is an independent country with national sovereignty independent of Qing dynasty, but the Korean students may not understand the meaning at all by this light description.

11. Japan’s “Invasion” and Qing dynasty’s ”Interference”

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
그러나 조선朝鮮에 세력勢力을 침투浸透시킬 기회機会를 엿보던 청清이 군대軍隊를 보내 흥선 대원군興宣 大院君을 납치拉致해 감으로써 민씨閔氏 세력勢力이 다시 정권政権을 잡았다. (p. 200) 갑신정변甲申政變 이후以後에도 조선朝鮮에 대對한 청清의 내정 간섭内政 干渉은 여전如前히 심甚하였다. (p. 202) 이처럼 일본日本군의 침략侵略 행위行為가 노골露骨화되자, 농민군農民軍은 일본군日本軍 타도打倒를 내세우며 다시 일어났다. (p. 209) 갑오개혁甲午改革은 제대로 시행施行되지 못하였다. 이는 정치적政治的, 사회적社会的 불안不安과 일본日本의 침략적侵略的인 간섭干渉에 대對한 국민国民들의 반감反感이 컸기 때문이다.(p. 212)	しかし朝鮮に勢力を浸透させる機会をうかがっていた清が軍隊を送って興宣大院君を拉致し、閔氏勢力が再び政権を握った。(p. 202) 甲申政変以後も朝鮮に対する清の内政干渉は相変わらず激しかった。(p. 204) このように日本軍の侵略行為が露骨になると、農民軍は日本軍打倒を掲げて再び立ち上がった。(p. 211) 甲午改革はきちんと行われなかった。これは政治的、社会的不安と日本の侵略的干渉に対する国民の反感が大きかったためである。(p. 214)	However, the Qing dynasty that waited for an opportunity to infiltrate its power into Korea sent the armed forces and abducted Heungseon Daewongun, and the group of Empress Myeongseong grasped the government again. The Qing’s intervention in Korean domestic affairs was strong after the Gapsin Coup (1884) as ever. While the Japanese military showed the naked acts of invasion in this way, the farmer forces advocated overthrow of Japanese military and stood up again. Gabo Reform (1894-95) was not performed properly. This is because Korean people felt the political and social anxiety, and their antipathy for the invasive interference by Japan were big.



• While this textbook hysterically blames every Japanese acts and thoughts as “invasion” or “robbery”, it expresses Chinese acts as simply “interference”.
• This naked discrimination is an outcome of the deep-rooted dependency nature of the modern Koreans, and this is because they think Japan is a simple highway robbery but the Qing dynasty is the reliable father in the case of emergency.

12. The independence of Korea from the Qing dynasty

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
청清ㆍ일日 전쟁戰爭이 일본日本의 승리勝利로 굳어지면서 그동안 개혁改革에 소극적消極的이던 흥선 대원군興宣 大院君이 물러나고, 각각各各 일본日本과 미국美国에 망명 중亡命 中이던 박영효朴泳孝, 서광범徐光範 등이 귀국帰国하여 개혁改革을 추진推進하였다. 정부政府는 국왕国王의 이름으로 우리 나라가 독립국独立国임을 내세우고, 홍범洪範 14조条를 발표發表하여 개혁改革의 내용内容과 정신精神을 밝혔다. (p. 211)	清日戦争が日本の勝利に終わり、それまで改革に消極的だった興宣大院君が退き、それぞれ日本とアメリカに亡命中だった朴泳孝、徐光範などが帰国して改革をおし進めた。 政府は国王の名でわが国が独立国であることを掲げ、洪範14条を発表して改革の内容と精神を明らかにした。(p. 213)	The First Sino-Japanese War (1894 – 95) ended with Japan’s victory. Heungseon Daewongun who was negative against reform till then got out and Pak Yung-hio and Soh Kwang-pom who had taken refuge in Japan and the United States went back and promoted reform. The government advocated that our country was an independent country in the name of the king. And it announced 14-Article Constitution and clarified the contents and the spirit of the reform.



• It is quite clear that Korea could finally become independent from the Qing dynasty brandishing suzerainty because of Shimonoseki Treaty concluded as a result of Sino-Japanese War.
• However, the textbook does not write a single word about Shimonoseki Treaty, and writes as if the independence was realized by the Gojong’s declaration. The history distortion that depends on nationalism is very serious.

13. Japan’s “invasion” and Russia’s “interference”

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
항일抗日 의병義兵 운동運動이 전개展開되면서 나라 안이 소란騷亂해진 틈을 타 그들의 세력勢力을 확대拡大하고자 하였다.(p. 224) 청清ㆍ일日 전쟁戰爭 후後 러시아露西亜는 만주 철도満州 鉄道 부설권敷設権을 획득獲得하는 등 세력勢力을 확대拡大시키고, 우리 나라에도 세력勢力을 침투浸透시키려 하였다.(p. 233)	抗日義兵運動が展開され、国内の騒乱に乗じて、ロシアは彼らの勢力を拡大しようとした。(p. 226) 清日戦争後、ロシアは満州鉄道敷設権を獲得するなど勢力を拡大させ、わが国にも勢力を浸透させようとした。(p. 235)	Anti-Japanese righteous army movement was promoted, and Russia tried to escalate its power taking advantage of domestic turmoil in Korea. After the Sino-Japanese War, Russia got the railway concession in Manchuria, spread its power and tried to infiltrate its power into our country.
단발령断髪令은 겉으로는 조선朝鮮의 근대적近代的 개혁改革을 내세운 것이었으나, 여기에는 한국韓国의 전통伝統을 끊음으로써 한국인韓国人의 민족民族 정신精神을 약화弱化시키기 위한 일본日本의 정략政略이 숨어 있었다.(p. 223) 개항開港 이후以後 계속繼續된 일본日本의 경제적経済的, 정치적政治的 침략侵略과 명성 황후明成 皇后 시해弑害로 분노憤怒한 국민国民들의 반일反日 감정感情이 단발령断髪令을 계기契機로 폭발爆發하여 항일抗日 의병義兵이 일어나게 되었다.(p. 223) 대한 제국大韓 帝国은 러露- 일日 전쟁戰爭에서 승리勝利한 일본日本에 외교권外交権과 군사권軍事権을 차례次例로 강탈강탈당하였다. 우리 민족民族은 이러한 일본日本의 침략侵略에 대항對抗하여 강력強力한 민족民族 운동運動을 전개展開하였다.(p. 232)	断髪令は表面的には朝鮮の近代的改革を掲げたものだったが、 これには韓国の伝統を断ち切って韓国人の民族精神を弱めようとする日本の政略が隠されていた。(p. 225) 開港以後続いていた日本の経済的、政治的侵略と明成皇后殺害に怒った国民の反日感情が、 断髪令をきっかけに爆発して抗日義兵が起きるようになった。(p. 225) 大韓帝国は露日戦争で勝利した日本に外交権と軍事権を次第に強奪されていった。 わが民族はこのような日本の侵略に対抗して、強力な民族運動を展開した。(p. 234)	The Freedom of Haircut Law advocated Korean modern reform superficially, but this concealed the Japanese political tactics that cut off the Korean tradition and weakened the Korean national spirit. The people were angry at Japanese economic and political invasion that spread out after the opening of our ports and at the murder of Empress Myeongseong. The anti-Japan sentiment of the nation blew up triggered by Freedom of Haircut Law, and an anti-Japanese righteous armies came to take place. The Korean Empire was gradually deprived of our diplomatic right and the military power by Japan which won the Russo-Japanese War. Our people exhibited the strong racial movement against such Japan’s invasion.



• Even if Russia did anything as well as the Qing dynasty, it does not seem to be “invasion”.
• On the other hand, even if Japan did anything, the textbook writes that it had a wicked intention and it was the invasion. The naked discrimination in terms does not change since 1996 version.

14. The praise of terrorism

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
미국美国에 살고 있던 전명운田明雲과 장인환張仁煥은, 일본日本의 추천推薦으로 우리 나라에 외교外交 고문顧問으로 와 있던 미국인美国人 스티분스Stevens가 미국美国으로 돌아가 일본日本의 한국韓国 침략侵略을 지지支持하는 발언發言을 하자, 그를 샌프란시스코San Francisco에서 사살射殺하였다. (p. 236) 의병장義兵将으로 국내외国内外에서 항일전抗日戰을 전개展開하고 있던 안중근安重根은, 우리 나라 침략侵略에 앞장섰던 이토伊藤 히로부미博文가 러시아露西亜 대표代表와 회담会談하기 위하여 하얼빈Harbin에 도착到着했을 때, 그를 사살射殺하여 민족民族의 독립独立 의지意思를 분명分明히 보여 주었다(1909). (p. 236) 이재명李在明은 일본日本의 앞잡이인 이완용李完用을 칼로 찔러 부상負傷을 입혔다. 나철羅喆과 오기호と呉基鎬 등은 5적 암살단賊 暗殺団을 조직組織하여 을사乙巳조약条約에 찬성賛成한 을사乙巳5적賊 등 매국노賣国奴를 처단處斷하여 하였으나 성공成功하지 못했다 (p. 236)	アメリカに住んでいた田明雲と張仁煥は、日本の推薦でわが国に外交顧問として来ていたアメリカ人スティーブンスがアメリカに戻って日本の韓国侵略を支持する発言をすると、 彼をサンフランシスコで射殺した。(p. 238) 義兵将として国内外で抗日戦を展開していた安重根は、初代統監としてわが国侵略の先頭に立っていた伊藤博文がロシアの代表と会談するためにハルビンに到着したたとき、 彼を射殺して民族の独立の意志を明らかに示した（1909年）。(p. 238) 李在明は日本の手先だった李完用を刀で切りつけ負傷させた。 羅喆と呉基鎬などは五賊暗殺団を組織し乙巳条約に賛成した乙巳五賊など売国奴を処断しようとしたが、成功しなかった。(p. 238)	Jeon Myeong-un and Jang In-hwan who lived in the United States shot the American Stevens dead in San Francisco. Because Stevens who came to our country as a diplomacy advisor by the recommendation of Japan came back to the United States and supported Japan’s invasion of Korea. An Jung-geun fought the anti-Japanese movement war at home and abroad as a leader of the righteous soldiers. He shot Hirofumi Ito dead when Ito who led the invasion of our country as the first commander arrived at Harbin, and clearly showed the will of racial independent. Li Jae-myeong slashed at Ye Wan-yong who was an instrument of Japan and got him injured. Na Cheol and O Gi-ho organized the assassination group formed targeting the five, and tried to kill the traitors including the Five Eulsa Traitors who were in favor of the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905, but it did not succeed.
유관순柳寛順은 재판정裁判所에서 "나는 당당堂堂한 대한大韓의 국민国民이다. 대한大韓 사람인 내가 너희들의 재판裁判을 받을 필요必要도 없고 너희가 나를 처벌處罰할 권리権利도 없다." 라고 외치면서 항거抗拒하였다. (p. 267) 김익산金益相은 조선朝鮮 총독부総督府에 폭탄爆彈을 던졌고, 김상욱金相沃은 독립独立 지사志士들에게 잔인残忍한 고문拷問을 일삼던 종로鐘路 경찰서警察署에 폭탄爆彈을 던져 큰 피해被害를 주었다. 그리고 나석주羅錫疇는 동양 척식 주식 회사東洋 織績 株式 会社에 들어가 그 간부幹部를 사살射殺하고 일제日帝 경찰警察과 시가전市街戰을 벌이기도 하였다. (p. 276)	柳寛順は裁判所で「私は堂々たる大韓の国民である。大韓の人である私がお前たちの裁判を受ける必要もなく、お前たちが私を処罰する権利もない。」と叫び、抵抗した。(p. 269) 金益相は朝鮮総督府に爆弾を投げ、金相沃は独立志士に残忍な拷問を行った鐘路警察署に爆弾を投げて大きな被害を与えた。 そして、羅錫疇は東洋織績株式会社に入っていきその幹部を射殺し、日帝警察と市街戦をくり広げた。(p. 278)	Ryu Gwan-sun resisted Japan and screamed in the court, “I am the person of dignified large Korea. I who am a person of large Korea do not have to receive your trial, and there is no right that you punish me.” Kim Ik-sang threw a bomb to Government General of Korea, and Kim Sang-ok threw a bomb to the Jongno police station that brutally tortured to an independent patriot. They gave a big damage. And Na Seok-ju went into Toyoshokuseki Co., Ltd, and shot the executive dead and fought a fierce battle against the emperor police on the street.
한편便, 같은 한인韓人 애국단원愛国団員인 윤봉길尹奉吉은 상하이上海의 흥커우 공원公園 (현재現在는 루 쉰魯 迅 공원公園) 에서 열린 일본군日本軍의 상하이上海 점령 축하 기념식장占領 祝賀 記念式場에 폭탄爆彈을 던져 일본군日本軍을 응징膺懲하였다. 윤봉길尹奉吉 의사義士의 의거義擧는 당시当時 일본日本의 침략侵略을 경계警戒하고 있던 중국인中国人들에게 커다란 감동感動을 주었으며, 중국中国 정부政府와 중국인中国人들이 한국인韓国人의 항일抗日 독립独立 투쟁闘爭에 적극적積極的으로 협력協力하는 중요重要한 계기契機가 되기도 하였다. (p. 277)	一方、同じ韓人愛国団員の尹奉吉は上海の虹口公園（現在は魯迅公園）で開かれた日本軍の上海占領祝賀記念式場に爆弾を投げつけて日本軍をこらしめた。 尹奉吉義士の義挙は当時日本の侵略を警戒していた中国人に大きな感動を与え、中国政府と中国人が韓国人の抗日独立闘争に積極的に協力する重要なきっかけともなった。(p. 279)	On the other hand, Yun Bong-gil, a member of Korean Patriotic Organization hurled a bomb at the Shanghai occupation celebration memorial ceremony held by the Japanese army in Hongkou park (Lu Xun Park now), Shanghai. And he punished the Japanese army. The heroic deed that the loyal retainer Yun Bong-gil did gave a big impression on the Chinese who were cautious of Japan’s invasion in those days. And it became a very important chance that made the Chinese government and Chinese positively cooperate with Korean anti-Japanese independence struggle.



• The most important sense of values that this textbook wants to teach a junior high student is “Anti-Japan”. Anti-Japan is the supreme value, and any act for anti-Japan is justified. It’s OK, even if they killed a foreigner only for reason that he merely said “pro-Japanese remark”.
• The sense of values that this textbook wants to teach a junior high student
  • Koreans do not have to observe the laws that Japan forced, because anti-Japan is the supreme value. Rather it is the right action as the Korean if they deny the laws positively.
  • Koreans do not need to hesitate the terrorism even in the foreign countries for anti-Japan. Because the Korean viewpoint is absolutely right, Korean would be able to get sympathy locally by all means.
  • The act for anti-Japan is justified, even if it violates the international law such as a treaty.
    In 1965 Korea abandoned the rights about the colony times to claim to Japan in “Japan‐Republic of Korea Basic Relations Treaty”. On the other hand, Japan performed economic cooperation of 500 million dollars to Korea that is equal to Korean national budget. About Korean credits to Japan, the Japanese Government suggested “repaying to each Korean individual”, but the Korean government wanted Japan to give cash to the Korean government, saying “The Korean government will perform the compensation to each individual. We want Japan to pay us in a lump.” The Korean government did not almost give it to Korean creditors, but used it for the economic infrastructure maintenance of their own country. (wikipedia)
    But Korea has demanded compensation issue from Japan many times afterwards.
    In 2018, Korean Supreme Court ordered Japan company to pay 4 Koreans for forced labor. The judgments are carried out by feelings and emotions than law. It is said, “there is the unwritten law called ‘Korean emotion law’ that is more dominant than the constitution in Korea”. And Korea does not have the independence of the judicial power and the trials are changed by Korean public opinion.
    In December, 2015, Korea and Japan had “finally and irreversibly” resolved a dispute over wartime so-called “comfort women”. They promised that Japan puts $8.3 million into a South Korean fund to support the surviving “comfort women” and Korea removes the statue of “comfort women” in front of the Japanese Embassy. Japan put $8.3 million as promised, but Korea did not carry out the promise. On the contrary Korea broke the agreement on December, 2018, without returning $8.3 million of course.
    Korea thinks that Korea can break the agreement when the government changes. According to the international law, duties and the rights on the treaty are succeeded even if the government changes. But “Korean emotion law” of “Anti-Japan” is more dominant than treaties in Korea.
• The expression “he punished the Japanese army” is typical of the Korean very much. They always have their noses in the air.
• About the issue of Takeshima (Tokdo), the Korean groups often come to Japan and protest the Japanese Government. Because they are not killed in Japan. However, the Japanese do not go to Korea to protest the Korean government. This is because security of the life is not guaranteed there.

15. The historical perspective that Japan plundered Korea of everything

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
일본日本은 우리 나라의 근대회近代化를 위한 사업事業이라는 명분名分으로 도로道路와 수도水道 시설施設을 갖추고, 은행銀行, 학교学校, 병원病院 등을 설립設立設立하였다. 이러한 시설施設은 우리 나라에 와 있는 일본인日本人을 위한 것임에도 불구不拘하고, 이에 필요必要한 시설비施設費는 우리 정부政府가 일본日本 정부政府로부터 차관借款을 얻어 부담負担하도록 강요強要하였다.(pp. 248-249)	日本はわが国の近代化のための事業という名目で道路と水道施設を整え、銀行、学校、病院などを設立した。 こうした施設はわが国に来ている日本人のためのものであるにもかかわらず、これに必要な施設費は私たちの政府が日本政府から借款を得て負担するよう強要した。(pp. 250-251)	Japan developed the roads and the water service facilities under the name of business for the modernization of our country and established banks, schools, hospitals. Though such facilities were for Japanese who came to our country, Japan forced our government to get a loan from the Japanese Government and to bear the expense necessary for the facilities.



• The Korean modernization by Japan went into full swing after the second Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905.
• This textbook insists obstinately as if there were no Koreans who received a benefit of the modernization and it teaches the students that they must not evaluate the Japanese acts affirmatively and thank them besides.
• If Japan did something, it says “Japan pushed forward colonization and plundering” and if other countries did the same thing, “It contributed to the modernization of Korea”.
• In Taiwan, Japan gave education, spread railroads, built roads and built the dams that were said to be the greatest in the East. Taiwan still thanks for the infrastructure maintenance by Japan, but Korea does not thank for Japan at all.
• Though Japan did the same thing for Korea as for Taiwan, why does the Korean criticize Japan without thanking? It is because of Korean pride. Koreans have been thinking that China is in the center of the world, and Korea is in the second, and Japan is in “the lower position”. They cannot permit that lower Japan than Korea annexed Korea, aside from being ruled by China. Therefore, all that Japan did for Korea are denied.

16. The enslavement

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
이로써 오랫동안 독자적独自的인 문화文化를 창조創造하면서 발전發展해 온 우리 민족民族은 나라를 빼앗기고 일제日帝의 노예 상태奴隷 状態로 떨어지게 되었다. (p. 255)	こうして長い間独自の文化を創造しながら発展して来たわが民族は国を奪われ、日帝の奴隷状態に陥るようになった。(p. 257)	Our race has created and developed our original culture for a long time, but Japan robbed us of our country and we came to fall into the state of slave by the Japanese imperialism in this way.



• Korea was annexed by Japan with the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty of 1910, but the textbook expresses this with “the state of slave by the Japanese imperialism”.
• If it is the state of slave to become the colony of the Great Powers, most area of Asia and Africa would be in the state of slave in those days, but this textbook gives an impression as if only Korean received the unfair and absurd treatment.

17. The colonial policy

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
그러나 이러한 일제日帝의 새로운 식민지植民地 정책政策은 친일파親日派를 길러 우리 민족民族을 이간, 분열分裂시키려는 교활狡猾한 정책政策으로서, 한민족韓民族의 단결団結을 억제抑制하고 독립独立 운동運動을 막으려는 방침方針에는 변變함이 없었다. (p. 257)	しかし、このような日帝の新しい植民地政策は親日派を養ってわが民族を仲たがいさせ、分裂させようとする狡猾な政策であり、 韓民族の団結を抑え独立運動をくい止めようとする方針には変わりがなかった。(p. 259)	However, such a new colonial policy by the Japanese imperialism was the cunning policy that fed pro-Japanese Koreans, made our race quarrel with each other and caused us to break apart. The policy that suppressed the solidarity of the Korea race and checked independence movement was unchanged.



• In the early stage of the Japanese colonial rule, it was severe military government in order to deal with the resistance such as righteous armies, but it changed to the civilian government after 3.1 independence movement of 1919 and it was relatively gentle until Japanization policy was carried out in the late 1930s.
• However, this textbook teaches the students to understand that every acts of Japan are mean and cunning.

18. The plundering of land

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
식민植民 지배하支配下에서 한민족韓民族은 일제日帝의 경제적経済的인 수탈収奪에 큰 고통苦痛을 받았다. 이 가운데에서 가장 큰 피해被害는 토지土地를 약탈掠奪당한 것이었다.(p. 258) 일제日帝는 우리의 국권国権을 빼앗은 직후直後 토지土地 약탈掠奪을 적극적積極的으로 추진推進하였다. 총독부総督府는 토지土地 소유 관계所有 関係를 근대적近代的으로 정리整理한다는 명분名分을 내세워 이른바 토지土地 조사調査 사업事業을 추진推進하였다.(p. 258) 또, 신고주의申告主義를 원칙原則으로 하였기 때문에 토지土地 신고申告를 제대로 하지 않은 많은 사람들이 피해被害를 입게 되었다. 즉, 신고申告 절차節次가 복잡複雑하고 까다로웠으며, 일제日帝가 실시実施하는 것이었으므로 반일反日 감정感情이 앞서 이에 따르지 않은 경우境遇도 있었다. (pp. 258-259) 더구나 문중門中 토지土地나 마을 사람들의 공유지共有地, 그리고 왕실王室이나 공공기관公共機関에 속属하였던 많은 토지土地는 주인主人 없는 토지土地로 분류分類되어 총독부総督府의 소유지所有地로 되는 경우境遇가 많았다.(p. 259) 총독부総督府는 이렇게 약탈掠奪한 토지土地를 동양 척식 주식 회사東洋 拓殖 株式 会社 등 일본인日本人이 경영経営하는 토지土地 회사会社나 한국韓国으로 건너오는 일본인日本人에게 싼 값으로 넘겨주어, 일본인日本人들이 많은 토지土地를 소유所有할 수 있는 여건条件을 마련해 주었다.(p. 259)	植民支配下で韓民族は日帝の経済的な収奪にひどい苦痛を被った。この中でもっとも大きな被害は土地を侵奪されたことだった。(p. 260) 日帝はわが国の国権を奪った直後、土地の略奪を積極的におし進めた。総督府は土地所有関係を近代的に整理するという名分を掲げて、いわゆる土地調査事業をおし進めた。(p. 260) また、申告主義を原則としたため、土地申告をきちんと行わなかった多くの人々が被害を被ることとなった。すなわち、申告手続きが複雑でややこしく、日帝が実施するものだったため反日感情が先に立ち、これに従わない場合もあった。(p. 261) さらに民衆の土地や村の人々の共有地、そして王室や公共機関に属していた多くの土地は持ち主のいない土地に分類され、総督府の所有地となる場合が多かった。(p. 261) 総督府はこのように略奪した土地を東洋拓殖株式会社など日本人が経営する土地会社や韓国に渡ってきた日本人に安く譲り渡し、日本人が多くの土地を所有できる条件を整えた。(p. 261)	The Korean race suffered severe pain because of the economic plundering by the Japanese imperialism under colonization rule. The heaviest damage was that Japan took unlawful possession of our land. Soon after the Japanese imperialism had taken national power of our country, it positively promoted plunder of the land. The governor-general’s office advocated the ostensible reason that it would make the modern landholding relations and promoted so-called the land research project. In addition, many people who did not declare their land properly suffered damage, because the office required the declaration. In other words, some Korean did not follow this project, because the procedure to declare was complicated and they had anti-Japan sentiment for the project that the Japanese imperialism carried out. Furthermore, the common land of the people and of the village people and much land that belonged to the Royal Family and the public institution were classified as the land without the owner, and such land often became the land of the governor-general’s office. The governor-general’s office sold the land that it plundered to the Japanese companies including Orient developing land Co., Ltd. and Japanese who came to Korea cheaply and the office made the condition that Japanese could own much land.



• The empirical studies by Lee Young-hoon and others uncovered the fictiveness of the land plundering clearly, but most of their results are not taken.

19. The progress of the industrialization

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
이와 같이, 일제日帝는 한국韓国의 산업産業에 대對한 침탈侵奪을 적극적積極的으로 추진推進하면서, 한국韓国을 대륙大陸 침략侵略의 발판으로 삼기 위해 철도鐵道와 도로道路, 항만港湾과 통신通信 등의 시설施設을 갖추었다.(p. 262)	こうして、日帝は韓国の産業に対する侵奪を積極的におし進め、韓国を大陸侵略の足がかりとするため鉄道と道路、港湾と通信などの施設を整えた。(p. 264)	Thus the Japanese imperialism positively promoted the taking unlawful possession against the industry of Korea and built the railroads, the roads, the harbors and the communication facilities in order to make Korea a foothold of the continent invasion.



• Many heavy and chemical industries plants were introduced into the northern part of Korea in the 1930s, and the industrialization advanced in the colony. It was impossible for a colony to be industrialized with such a scale in those days.
• The textbook emphasizes that it was the war industry for the advances to the continent and it tells that you must not affirmatively evaluate the industrialization at all.

20. Japanization policy

The original	Japanese translation	English translation
그리고 일제日帝는 우리의 민족民族 정신精神을 뿌리뽑기 위해 이른바 일ㆍ선 동조론日　鮮 同祖論을 주장主張하였고, 내선 일체内鮮 一体와 황국 신민화皇国 臣民化 등의 구호口號를 내걸었다. 또, 우리말 사용使用을 금禁하고 일본日本어만 쓰도록 하였으며, 우리 역사歴史의 교육教育도 금禁하였다. 한글로 간행刊行되던 신문新聞도 폐간廃刊시키고, 우리말과 역사歴史에 대對한 연구研究도 금지禁止시켰다. (p. 261) 나아가, 일제日帝는 우리의 이름까지도 일본식日本式 성姓과 이름으로 바꾸어 사용使用하도록 강요強要하였고, 각지에 일본日本 신사神社를 세워 참배参拝하도록 하였으며, 어린 학생学生들까지도 황국 신민皇国 臣民 서사誓詞를 외도록 강요強要하였다. (p. 261) 일제日帝는 여성女性들도 근로 보국대勤労 報国隊, 여자 근로女子 勤労 정신대挺身隊 등의 이름으로 끌고 가 노동력労働力을 착취搾取하였다. 더욱이 많은 수数의 여성女性을 강제強制로 동원動員하여 일본군日本軍이 주둔駐屯하고 있는 아시아Asia 각 지역各 地域으로 보내 군대軍隊 위안부慰安婦로 만들어 비인간적非人間的인 생활生活을 하게 하였다. (p. 262)	そして日帝は私たちの民族精神を根絶やしにするため、いわゆる日鮮同祖論を主張し、内鮮一体と皇国臣民化のスローガンを掲げた。 また、韓国語の使用を禁じ、日本語だけを使わせ、私たちの歴史を教えることも禁じた。ハングルで刊行されていた新聞も廃刊させ、韓国語と歴史に対する研究も禁止させた。(p. 263) さらに、日帝は私たちの名前までも日本式氏と名前に変えるよう強要し、各地に日本の神社を建てて参拝させ、子どもたちにも皇国臣民の誓詞を覚えるよう強要した。(p. 263) 日帝は女性たちも勤労報国隊、女子勤労従軍挺身隊などの名で連行し、労働力を搾取した。 さらに多くの数の女性を強制的に動員して、日本軍が駐屯しているアジアの各地域に送って軍隊慰安婦として非人間的な生活をさせた。(p. 264)	And the Japanese imperialism insisted on so-called “Japan-Korea single ancestry theory” to exterminate the Korean national spirit, and raised the slogans of “Japan-Korea single theory” and “Japanization”. In addition, it forbade use of Korean language and let Koreans speak only Japanese and forbade to teach our history too. The newspapers published in the Hangul Alphabet were forced to cease the publication and the studies of Korean language and the history were prohibited. Furthermore, the Japanese imperialism forced us to change our first name and surname into the Japanese style, and it built the Japanese Shinto shrines in each area, forced us to go and worship there and forced children to learn “Vow of Japanese subjects”. The Japanese imperialism took women in the names of Work Patriotism Corps and Women’s Volunteer Corps and exploited their labor force. Furthermore, it mobilized many numerical women forcibly and sent them to each area of Asia where the Japanese military was stationed and let them live inhumane life as comfort women for the army.



• The Japanization policy was carried out since the latter half of 1930 when Japan-China War intensified, but this textbook does not write the year.
• The “Vow of Japanese subjects” was established in 1937, the abolition of the Korean language in the elementary school was in 1938, the policy of pressuring Koreans under Japanese rule to adopt Japanese names was in 1939, The discontinuance of publication of the Korean newspaper in the Hangul Alphabet were in 1940, Work Patriotism Corps was in 1941 and Women’s Volunteer Corps was in 1943.
• Besides, these descriptions are put just before 3.1 independence movement of 1919 in the textbook. Therefore if the students are not very careful, they will mistake as if Japanization policy had been performed all the time since the 1910s.
• About the comfort women, the 1996 version wrote, “Women were taken under the name of volunteer corps and were sacrificed as the comfort women”. That showed as if all the members of volunteer corps had been the comfort women. This was corrected in the 2002 version.